Convergence

Convergence is a term used in optometry and ophthalmology to describe the process by which the eyes move inward to focus on an object as it gets closer to the face. This is a natural and necessary function of the eyes, allowing for clear and single vision at close distances.

Mechanism of Convergence

The process of convergence involves several structures within the eye and brain. When an object moves closer to the face, the lens of the eye changes shape to focus the light from the object onto the retina. At the same time, the pupil constricts to reduce the amount of light entering the eye and improve the depth of focus. The extraocular muscles, which control the movement of the eyes, also work to turn the eyes inward so that both are directed at the object.

Disorders of Convergence

There are several disorders that can affect the process of convergence. These include:

• Convergence insufficiency: This is a condition in which the eyes do not turn inward enough to focus on close objects, resulting in double vision or eye strain.
• Convergence excess: This is the opposite of convergence insufficiency, with the eyes turning inward too much. This can also cause double vision or eye strain, as well as headaches and difficulty reading.
• Strabismus: This is a condition in which the eyes do not align properly, often due to a problem with the extraocular muscles. Strabismus can affect convergence and result in double vision.

Treatment

Treatment for disorders of convergence typically involves vision therapy, which includes exercises to improve the coordination and control of the eye muscles. In some cases, corrective lenses or surgery may be needed.

See Also

• Accommodation (eye)
• Binocular vision
• Diplopia
• Eye examination
• Vision therapy

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