PPP2R2B

Overview

PPP2R2B is a gene that encodes the B regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a major serine/threonine phosphatase involved in the negative control of cell growth and division. The B regulatory subunit is part of the heterotrimeric PP2A enzyme complex, which also includes a catalytic subunit and a scaffolding subunit. The B subunit is responsible for modulating substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, as well as determining the subcellular localization of the holoenzyme.

Structure

The PPP2R2B gene is located on chromosome 5q31.1 and consists of multiple exons. The protein product of PPP2R2B belongs to the B55 family of regulatory subunits, which are characterized by WD40 repeats that facilitate protein-protein interactions. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

Function

PPP2R2B plays a critical role in various cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and signal transduction. By associating with different catalytic and scaffolding subunits, PPP2R2B-containing PP2A complexes can dephosphorylate a wide range of substrates, thereby influencing pathways such as the MAPK/ERK pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and PI3K/AKT pathway.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the PPP2R2B gene have been associated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as spinocerebellar ataxia type 12 (SCA12). SCA12 is characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, tremor, and cognitive decline. The exact mechanism by which PPP2R2B mutations lead to these symptoms is not fully understood, but it is believed that altered PP2A activity affects neuronal survival and function.

Research and Therapeutic Implications

Research into PPP2R2B and its role in PP2A function is ongoing, with implications for understanding and potentially treating diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Modulating PP2A activity through targeting specific regulatory subunits like PPP2R2B could offer therapeutic benefits.

Also see

• Protein phosphatase 2A
• Spinocerebellar ataxia
• Signal transduction
• Serine/threonine phosphatase

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