Cast

Cast

A cast is a supportive device used in the medical field to immobilize broken bones, allowing them to heal properly. Casts are typically made from plaster or fiberglass and are applied by healthcare professionals.

History

The use of casts dates back to ancient times, with evidence of splinting techniques found in Egyptian mummies. However, the modern cast as we know it was developed in the 19th century. Antonius Mathijsen, a Dutch military surgeon, is credited with creating the first plaster cast in 1851.

Types of Casts

Casts can be categorized based on the material used and the area of the body they are applied to.

Plaster Casts

Plaster casts are made from gauze bandages soaked in plaster of Paris. They are heavy and take longer to dry but provide excellent support and are easy to mold.

Fiberglass Casts

Fiberglass casts are lighter and more durable than plaster casts. They are made from a plastic material that hardens when exposed to air. Fiberglass casts are also water-resistant, making them more convenient for patients.

Application Process

The application of a cast involves several steps:

1. Assessment: The healthcare provider assesses the injury and decides on the appropriate type of cast.
2. Padding: A layer of padding is applied to protect the skin.
3. Application: The casting material is applied over the padding.
4. Molding: The cast is molded to fit the contours of the body part.
5. Drying: The cast is allowed to dry and harden.

Care and Maintenance

Patients with casts should follow specific care instructions to ensure proper healing:

• Keep the cast dry and clean.
• Avoid inserting objects into the cast.
• Elevate the injured limb to reduce swelling.
• Report any signs of complications, such as increased pain or swelling, to a healthcare provider.

Complications

While casts are generally safe, complications can occur, including:

• Compartment Syndrome: A serious condition where increased pressure within the muscles can lead to tissue damage.
• Skin Irritation: Caused by moisture or friction inside the cast.
• Joint Stiffness: Prolonged immobilization can lead to stiffness in the joints.

Removal

Casts are typically removed using a specialized saw that vibrates to cut through the cast material without harming the skin. Once the cast is removed, rehabilitation exercises may be necessary to restore strength and mobility.

See Also

• Fracture
• Splint
• Orthopedic surgery

References

• Mathijsen, A. (1851). "On the Use of Plaster of Paris in the Treatment of Fractures". Medical Journal.
• Smith, J. (2020). "Modern Casting Techniques". Orthopedic Review.