Phragmites

Phragmites is a genus of four species of large perennial grasses found in wetlands throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world. The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, maintained by Kew Garden in London, accepts the following four species:

• Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. – cosmopolitan
• Phragmites japonicus Steud. – Japan, Korea, Ryukyu Islands, Russian Far East
• Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud. – tropical Africa, southern Asia, Australia, some Pacific Islands
• Phragmites mauritianus Kunth – central + southern Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius

Description

The genus Phragmites is characterized by its tall stature, reaching heights of up to 15 feet (4.6 m). The leaves are long and slender, and the plants produce large, feathery inflorescences. The stems are hollow and sturdy, allowing the plants to withstand strong winds and currents.

Distribution and habitat

Phragmites species are found in a variety of wetland habitats, including marshes, riverbanks, and the edges of ponds and lakes. They are often dominant components of the vegetation in these habitats, forming dense stands that can cover large areas.

Uses

Phragmites species have been used by humans for various purposes. The stems have been used for thatching roofs, making mats and baskets, and for constructing fences and screens. The plants have also been used for their medicinal properties in traditional medicine.

Invasive species

Some species of Phragmites, particularly P. australis, have become invasive in areas outside their native range. They can outcompete native vegetation and alter wetland ecosystems, leading to reductions in biodiversity.

See also

• Invasive species
• Wetland
• Traditional medicine

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