Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a species of Gram-negative bacteria responsible for the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. It is also known as gonococcus and is characterized by its ability to cause infection in the mucous membranes of the human body.

Characteristics

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacteria. It is typically found in pairs (diplococci) with adjacent sides flattened. The bacteria are oxidase positive and can reduce nitrate to nitrite.

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae involves the bacteria's ability to adhere to and penetrate the mucous membranes of the body. This is facilitated by the presence of pili, hair-like appendages on the surface of the bacteria, which allow it to attach to the cells of the mucous membrane. Once attached, the bacteria can invade the cells and multiply, leading to infection.

Clinical Manifestations

Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae can lead to a range of clinical manifestations, depending on the site of infection. These can include urethritis, cervicitis, proctitis, and pharyngitis. In women, infection can also lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, which can cause long-term complications such as infertility and ectopic pregnancy.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection is typically made through the identification of the bacteria in a sample taken from the site of infection. This can be done through Gram stain, culture, or nucleic acid amplification tests.

Treatment

Treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection typically involves antibiotics. However, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of the bacteria has made treatment more challenging.

Prevention

Prevention of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection involves safe sex practices, including the use of condoms. Regular testing for sexually transmitted infections is also recommended.

See Also

• Gonorrhea
• Sexually transmitted infection
• Antibiotic resistance

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