Toxic granulation: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 11:36, 15 February 2025

Overview[edit]

Toxic granulation refers to the presence of large, dark granules in the cytoplasm of neutrophils, which are a type of white blood cell. These granules are more prominent than the normal granules found in neutrophils and are often associated with an increased production of these cells in response to infection or inflammation.

Causes[edit]

Toxic granulation is typically seen in conditions where there is a heightened immune response. Some common causes include:

Bacterial infections
Sepsis
Inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis
Tissue necrosis
Burns

Pathophysiology[edit]

The appearance of toxic granulation is due to the increased production and accelerated maturation of neutrophils in the bone marrow. During this process, the normal maturation of the granules is altered, leading to the retention of primary granules, which appear larger and darker under a microscope.

Clinical Significance[edit]

Toxic granulation is an important diagnostic feature in the evaluation of patients with suspected infections or inflammatory conditions. It is often seen in conjunction with other changes in neutrophils, such as Döhle bodies and cytoplasmic vacuolation.

Laboratory Diagnosis[edit]

Toxic granulation is typically identified through a peripheral blood smear examination. A trained hematologist or laboratory technician will examine the blood smear under a microscope to identify the characteristic granules in the neutrophils.

Related Pages[edit]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-== Toxic Granulation ==
+{{DISPLAYTITLE:Toxic Granulation}}
-'''Toxic granulation''' is a hematological finding characterized by the presence of dark, coarse granules within the cytoplasm of neutrophils. These granules are larger and more prominent than the normal granules found in neutrophils and are often associated with a response to infection or inflammation.
+== Overview ==
+[[File:Toxic_granulation.JPG|thumb|right|Toxic granulation in a neutrophil.]]
-[[File:Toxic_granulation.JPG|thumb|right|Toxic granulation in neutrophils.]]
+'''Toxic granulation''' refers to the presence of large, dark granules in the cytoplasm of [[neutrophils]], which are a type of [[white blood cell]]. These granules are more prominent than the normal granules found in neutrophils and are often associated with an increased production of these cells in response to [[infection]] or [[inflammation]].
 == Causes ==
-Toxic granulation is typically seen in conditions that involve a heightened inflammatory response. Common causes include:
+Toxic granulation is typically seen in conditions where there is a heightened [[immune response]]. Some common causes include:
-* [[Bacterial infection]]s, particularly severe or systemic infections such as [[sepsis]].
+* [[Bacterial infection]]s
-* [[Inflammatory disorders]] such as [[rheumatoid arthritis]] or [[systemic lupus erythematosus]].
+* [[Sepsis]]
-* [[Tissue necrosis]] due to events like [[myocardial infarction]] or [[burns]].
+* [[Inflammatory disorders]] such as [[rheumatoid arthritis]]
-* Certain [[chemotherapy]] treatments that induce a stress response in the bone marrow.
+* [[Tissue necrosis]]
+* [[Burns]]
 == Pathophysiology ==
-The granules seen in toxic granulation are thought to be primary granules that have become more prominent due to increased production of [[cytokines]] and other inflammatory mediators. This process is part of the body's response to stress and infection, leading to accelerated maturation of neutrophils in the bone marrow.
+The appearance of toxic granulation is due to the increased production and accelerated maturation of neutrophils in the [[bone marrow]]. During this process, the normal maturation of the granules is altered, leading to the retention of primary granules, which appear larger and darker under a microscope.
-== Diagnosis ==
+== Clinical Significance ==
-Toxic granulation is typically identified through a [[peripheral blood smear]] examination. A laboratory technician or pathologist will examine the blood smear under a microscope and note the presence of the characteristic granules in neutrophils. It is often reported alongside other changes such as [[bodies]] and [[vacuolization]] of neutrophils, which together are referred to as "toxic changes."
+Toxic granulation is an important diagnostic feature in the evaluation of patients with suspected infections or inflammatory conditions. It is often seen in conjunction with other changes in neutrophils, such as [[Döhle bodies]] and [[cytoplasmic vacuolation]].
-== Clinical Significance ==
+== Laboratory Diagnosis ==
-The presence of toxic granulation is a nonspecific finding but can be an important indicator of an underlying inflammatory or infectious process. It is often used in conjunction with other laboratory findings and clinical information to assess the severity of a patient's condition.
+Toxic granulation is typically identified through a [[peripheral blood smear]] examination. A trained [[hematologist]] or laboratory technician will examine the blood smear under a microscope to identify the characteristic granules in the neutrophils.
 == Related Pages ==
 * [[Neutrophil]]
-* [[Leukocytosis]]
+* [[White blood cell]]
+* [[Infection]]
 * [[Inflammation]]
 * [[Sepsis]]
-== References ==
-* McPherson, R. A., & Pincus, M. R. (2017). ''Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods''. Elsevier Health Sciences.
-* Bain, B. J., Bates, I., Laffan, M. A., & Lewis, S. M. (2016). ''Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology''. Elsevier Health Sciences.
 [[Category:Hematology]]
+[[Category:Medical signs]]