Methyllycaconitine: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 11:14, 15 February 2025

Methyllycaconitine[edit]

Chemical structure of Methyllycaconitine

Methyllycaconitine (MLA) is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in certain species of the Delphinium plant, commonly known as larkspur. It is a potent and selective antagonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), particularly the _7 subtype. This compound has been of significant interest in neuroscience research due to its ability to modulate cholinergic signaling in the central nervous system.

Chemical Properties[edit]

Methyllycaconitine is a complex diterpenoid alkaloid with a unique structure that includes a methyl ester group, which is critical for its biological activity. The chemical formula of MLA is C37H53NO11, and it has a molecular weight of 687.82 g/mol. The compound is characterized by its intricate polycyclic structure, which is typical of alkaloids derived from the Delphinium genus.

Biological Activity[edit]

Methyllycaconitine is primarily known for its role as a selective antagonist of the _7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. This receptor is involved in various physiological processes, including cognition, memory, and neurotransmission. By inhibiting this receptor, MLA can affect synaptic plasticity and has been used in research to study the role of _7 nAChRs in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.

Pharmacology[edit]

The pharmacological effects of methyllycaconitine are primarily due to its interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. MLA binds to the _7 nAChR with high affinity, blocking the action of acetylcholine and other agonists. This blockade can lead to alterations in neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release, making MLA a valuable tool in the study of cholinergic systems.

Toxicity[edit]

While methyllycaconitine is a useful research tool, it is also a toxic compound. Ingestion of plants containing MLA, such as certain species of larkspur, can lead to poisoning in livestock and humans. Symptoms of MLA poisoning include muscle weakness, respiratory distress, and cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, handling and use of MLA require caution and appropriate safety measures.

Applications in Research[edit]

Methyllycaconitine is widely used in pharmacological and neuroscientific research to investigate the function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Its selectivity for the _7 subtype makes it an ideal tool for dissecting the roles of different nAChR subtypes in the brain. Studies using MLA have contributed to our understanding of the cholinergic system's involvement in cognitive processes and its potential as a target for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.

Related Pages[edit]

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-'''Methyllycaconitine''' ('''MLA''') is a [[diterpenoid]] [[alkaloid]] found in the [[Aconitum]] genus, particularly in the species ''[[Aconitum lycoctonum]]'' (wolf's bane). It is a potent [[neurotoxin]], acting as a [[nicotinic acetylcholine receptor]] antagonist.
+{{DISPLAYTITLE:Methyllycaconitine}}
-==Chemistry==
+== Methyllycaconitine ==
+[[File:Methyllycaconitine.png|thumb|right|Chemical structure of Methyllycaconitine]]
+'''Methyllycaconitine''' (MLA) is a naturally occurring [[alkaloid]] found in certain species of the [[Delphinium]] plant, commonly known as larkspur. It is a potent and selective antagonist of the [[nicotinic acetylcholine receptor]] (nAChR), particularly the _7 subtype. This compound has been of significant interest in [[neuroscience]] research due to its ability to modulate cholinergic signaling in the [[central nervous system]].
-Methyllycaconitine is a diterpenoid alkaloid, a class of compounds derived from [[terpenes]]. It is structurally related to other Aconitum alkaloids such as [[aconitine]] and [[lycaconitine]]. The molecule consists of a [[cyclopentane]] ring fused to a [[cyclohexane]] ring, with a six-membered [[lactone]] ring and a seven-membered [[lactam]] ring.
+== Chemical Properties ==
+Methyllycaconitine is a complex diterpenoid alkaloid with a unique structure that includes a methyl ester group, which is critical for its biological activity. The chemical formula of MLA is C37H53NO11, and it has a molecular weight of 687.82 g/mol. The compound is characterized by its intricate polycyclic structure, which is typical of alkaloids derived from the Delphinium genus.
-==Biosynthesis==
+== Biological Activity ==
+Methyllycaconitine is primarily known for its role as a selective antagonist of the _7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. This receptor is involved in various physiological processes, including [[cognition]], [[memory]], and [[neurotransmission]]. By inhibiting this receptor, MLA can affect synaptic plasticity and has been used in research to study the role of _7 nAChRs in neurological disorders such as [[Alzheimer's disease]] and [[schizophrenia]].
-The biosynthesis of methyllycaconitine in ''Aconitum lycoctonum'' involves the [[acylation]] of the diterpene [[geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate]] (GGPP) by an [[acyltransferase]] enzyme, followed by [[cyclization]] and [[oxidation]] reactions.
+== Pharmacology ==
+The pharmacological effects of methyllycaconitine are primarily due to its interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. MLA binds to the _7 nAChR with high affinity, blocking the action of [[acetylcholine]] and other agonists. This blockade can lead to alterations in neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release, making MLA a valuable tool in the study of cholinergic systems.
-==Pharmacology==
+== Toxicity ==
+While methyllycaconitine is a useful research tool, it is also a toxic compound. Ingestion of plants containing MLA, such as certain species of larkspur, can lead to poisoning in [[livestock]] and humans. Symptoms of MLA poisoning include [[muscle weakness]], [[respiratory distress]], and [[cardiac arrhythmias]]. Therefore, handling and use of MLA require caution and appropriate safety measures.
-Methyllycaconitine acts as a potent antagonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, particularly the α7 subtype. It binds to the receptor's [[agonist]] binding site, preventing the binding of acetylcholine and thus inhibiting the receptor's function. This leads to symptoms of [[neurotoxicity]], including [[muscle weakness]], [[paralysis]], and potentially [[respiratory failure]].
+== Applications in Research ==
+Methyllycaconitine is widely used in [[pharmacological]] and [[neuroscientific]] research to investigate the function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Its selectivity for the _7 subtype makes it an ideal tool for dissecting the roles of different nAChR subtypes in the brain. Studies using MLA have contributed to our understanding of the cholinergic system's involvement in cognitive processes and its potential as a target for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.
-==Toxicology==
+== Related Pages ==
+* [[Alkaloid]]
-Due to its potent neurotoxic effects, ingestion of methyllycaconitine can be fatal. It is one of the main toxic components of ''Aconitum lycoctonum'', a plant that has been used historically as a [[poison]]. Symptoms of poisoning include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and severe neurological effects such as seizures and loss of consciousness.
-==See also==
-* [[Aconitum]]
 * [[Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor]]
-* [[Neurotoxin]]
+* [[Delphinium]]
+* [[Neurotransmission]]
-{{Chemical compounds}}
+* [[Cholinergic system]]
-{{Neurotoxins}}
-{{Alkaloids}}
 [[Category:Alkaloids]]
-[[Category:Neurotoxins]]
+[[Category:Neuroscience]]
-[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
-[[Category:Toxicology]]
 [[Category:Pharmacology]]
-{{medicine-stub}}