Crinivirus: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:25, 9 December 2024

A genus of plant viruses in the family Closteroviridae

Crinivirus is a genus of plant viruses in the family Closteroviridae. These viruses are known to infect a wide range of plant hosts, primarily causing diseases in economically important crops. Criniviruses are transmitted by whiteflies and are characterized by their long, flexuous, filamentous particles.

Taxonomy[edit]

Crinivirus is a genus within the family Closteroviridae, which is part of the order Martellivirales. The genus includes several species, each with distinct host ranges and geographical distributions. Some notable species include:

Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV)
Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV)
Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV)

Structure[edit]

Criniviruses are characterized by their long, flexuous, filamentous virions, which are typically 750-850 nm in length. The virions are non-enveloped and have a helical symmetry. The genome of criniviruses is composed of two single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecules, which are encapsidated separately.

Genome[edit]

The genome of criniviruses is bipartite, consisting of two RNA segments, RNA1 and RNA2. RNA1 is approximately 8.7 kb in length and encodes proteins involved in replication, including an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. RNA2 is about 7.6 kb and encodes proteins involved in movement and encapsidation, as well as the coat protein.

Transmission[edit]

Criniviruses are transmitted by whiteflies in a semi-persistent manner. The primary vectors are species of the Bemisia and Trialeurodes genera. The virus does not replicate within the vector but is retained in the foregut, allowing for transmission to new host plants during feeding.

Symptoms[edit]

Infected plants typically exhibit symptoms such as chlorosis, interveinal yellowing, and stunted growth. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the host species, environmental conditions, and the specific crinivirus involved.

Economic Impact[edit]

Criniviruses are of significant concern in agriculture due to their impact on crop yield and quality. They affect a variety of crops, including tomatoes, cucumbers, and sweet potatoes. Management of crinivirus infections involves controlling whitefly populations and using resistant plant varieties when available.

Diagnosis[edit]

Diagnosis of crinivirus infections is typically performed using molecular techniques such as RT-PCR and ELISA. These methods allow for the detection of viral RNA or proteins in infected plant tissues.

Management[edit]

Management strategies for crinivirus infections focus on controlling the whitefly vectors and implementing cultural practices to reduce virus spread. These may include:

Use of insecticides to control whitefly populations.
Implementation of reflective mulches to deter whitefly landing.
Use of resistant or tolerant plant varieties.
Crop rotation and removal of infected plant debris.

Also see[edit]

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Template:Plant virus

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-[[File:RF01091.png|thumb|RF01091]] '''Crinivirus'''
+[[File:RF01091.png|thumb]] [[File:RF01078.png|thumb]] [[File:RF01095.png|thumb]] {{Short description|A genus of plant viruses in the family Closteroviridae}}
-[[File:Placeholder.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|alt=|Crinivirus]]
+'''Crinivirus''' is a genus of plant viruses in the family [[Closteroviridae]]. These viruses are known to infect a wide range of plant hosts, primarily causing diseases in economically important crops. Criniviruses are transmitted by whiteflies and are characterized by their long, flexuous, filamentous particles.
-'''Crinivirus''' is a genus of plant viruses in the family [[Closteroviridae]]. These viruses are known to infect a wide range of plant species, causing significant damage to agricultural crops worldwide. The name "Crinivirus" is derived from the Greek word "krinos," meaning lily, reflecting the initial discovery of these viruses in lily plants.
+==Taxonomy==
+Crinivirus is a genus within the family [[Closteroviridae]], which is part of the order [[Martellivirales]]. The genus includes several species, each with distinct host ranges and geographical distributions. Some notable species include:
-== Structure and Genome ==
+* '''[[Tomato chlorosis virus]] (ToCV)'''
-Criniviruses have a flexuous, filamentous structure and a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome. The genome of Criniviruses is approximately 8-9 kilobases in size and encodes several proteins involved in viral replication, movement, and pathogenesis.
+* '''[[Tomato infectious chlorosis virus]] (TICV)'''
+* '''[[Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus]] (SPCSV)'''
-== Transmission ==
+==Structure==
-Criniviruses are primarily transmitted by insect vectors, particularly [[whitefly|whiteflies]] and [[aphid|aphids]]. These vectors acquire the virus while feeding on infected plants and can then transmit it to healthy plants during subsequent feeding sessions. The transmission of Criniviruses by insect vectors poses a significant challenge for the management of these viruses in agricultural settings.
+Criniviruses are characterized by their long, flexuous, filamentous virions, which are typically 750-850 nm in length. The virions are non-enveloped and have a helical symmetry. The genome of criniviruses is composed of two single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecules, which are encapsidated separately.
-== Symptoms and Impact ==
+==Genome==
-Plants infected with Criniviruses often exhibit a range of symptoms, including yellowing of leaves, stunting of growth, and development of necrotic lesions. These symptoms can vary depending on the host plant species and the specific strain of the virus. Criniviruses can cause significant yield losses in crops such as tomatoes, cucurbits, and citrus fruits, making them a major concern for farmers and agricultural authorities.
+The genome of criniviruses is bipartite, consisting of two RNA segments, RNA1 and RNA2. RNA1 is approximately 8.7 kb in length and encodes proteins involved in replication, including an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. RNA2 is about 7.6 kb and encodes proteins involved in movement and encapsidation, as well as the coat protein.
-== Management ==
+==Transmission==
-Management of Crinivirus infections typically involves a combination of cultural practices, such as removal of infected plants, and the use of insecticides to control vector populations. Additionally, the development of resistant plant varieties through breeding or genetic engineering is a promising approach for long-term control of Crinivirus infections.
+Criniviruses are transmitted by whiteflies in a semi-persistent manner. The primary vectors are species of the [[Bemisia]] and [[Trialeurodes]] genera. The virus does not replicate within the vector but is retained in the foregut, allowing for transmission to new host plants during feeding.
-== Prevention ==
+==Symptoms==
-Preventing the introduction and spread of Criniviruses in agricultural settings is crucial for minimizing the impact of these viruses on crop production. Strict quarantine measures, monitoring of insect populations, and early detection of infected plants are essential components of an effective prevention strategy.
+Infected plants typically exhibit symptoms such as chlorosis, interveinal yellowing, and stunted growth. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the host species, environmental conditions, and the specific crinivirus involved.
-== References ==
+==Economic Impact==
-{{Reflist}}
+Criniviruses are of significant concern in agriculture due to their impact on crop yield and quality. They affect a variety of crops, including tomatoes, cucumbers, and sweet potatoes. Management of crinivirus infections involves controlling whitefly populations and using resistant plant varieties when available.
-[[Category:Virology]]
+==Diagnosis==
-[[Category:Plant diseases]]
+Diagnosis of crinivirus infections is typically performed using molecular techniques such as [[RT-PCR]] and [[ELISA]]. These methods allow for the detection of viral RNA or proteins in infected plant tissues.
-{{medicine-stub}}
+==Management==
+Management strategies for crinivirus infections focus on controlling the whitefly vectors and implementing cultural practices to reduce virus spread. These may include:
+* Use of insecticides to control whitefly populations.
+* Implementation of reflective mulches to deter whitefly landing.
+* Use of resistant or tolerant plant varieties.
+* Crop rotation and removal of infected plant debris.
+==Also see==
+* [[Closteroviridae]]
+* [[Whitefly]]
+* [[Plant virus]]
+* [[RNA virus]]
+{{Virus-stub}}
+{{Plant virus}}
+[[Category:Closteroviridae]]
+[[Category:Plant pathogens and diseases]]
+[[Category:RNA viruses]]