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[[File:Edward_I_&_II_Prince_of_Wales.jpg|thumb|Edward_I_&_II_Prince_of_Wales]] [[file:John_Balliol.jpg|right|thumb|John_Balliol]] [[file:War_of_Independence_figures_by_Wm_Hole.JPG|right|thumb|War_of_Independence_figures_by_Wm_Hole]] [[file:Bannockburn_Monument_plaque_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1538086.jpg|thumb|Bannockburn_Monument_plaque_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1538086]] [[file:Battle_of_Stanhope_Park.jpg|thumb|Battle_of_Stanhope_Park]] [[file:BNMsFr2643FroissartFol97vBatNevilleCross.jpg|thumb|BNMsFr2643FroissartFol97vBatNevilleCross]] [[file:David_Bruce,_king_of_Scotland,_acknowledges_Edward_III_as_his_feudal_lord.jpg|thumb|David_Bruce,_king_of_Scotland,_acknowledges_Edward_III_as_his_feudal_lord]] == Wars of Scottish Independence ==

The '''Wars of Scottish Independence''' were a series of military campaigns fought between the [[Kingdom of Scotland]] and the [[Kingdom of England]] in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. These wars were pivotal in the history of Scotland, leading to the establishment of Scotland as an independent nation.

=== Background ===
The origins of the Wars of Scottish Independence can be traced back to the death of [[Alexander III of Scotland]] in 1286, which left Scotland without a clear heir. This led to a period of political instability and the eventual intervention of [[Edward I of England]], who sought to assert his authority over Scotland.

=== First War of Scottish Independence ===
The First War of Scottish Independence began in 1296 when Edward I invaded Scotland, capturing key strongholds such as [[Berwick-upon-Tweed]]. The Scots, under the leadership of figures like [[William Wallace]] and [[Andrew Moray]], mounted a fierce resistance. The Battle of [[Stirling Bridge]] in 1297 was a significant Scottish victory, but the Scots suffered a major defeat at the [[Battle of Falkirk]] in 1298.

Despite these setbacks, the Scots continued their struggle for independence. In 1306, [[Robert the Bruce]] was crowned King of Scots, and he led a renewed campaign against the English. The decisive Battle of [[Bannockburn]] in 1314, where Robert the Bruce's forces defeated the English army, was a turning point in the war.

=== Second War of Scottish Independence ===
The Second War of Scottish Independence began in 1332, following the death of Robert the Bruce and the accession of his young son, [[David II of Scotland]]. Edward Balliol, with the support of Edward III of England, claimed the Scottish throne, leading to a renewed conflict. The Scots, under leaders like [[Andrew Murray]] and [[William Douglas, Lord of Liddesdale]], continued to resist English attempts to control Scotland.

The war saw several significant battles, including the [[Battle of Dupplin Moor]] in 1332 and the [[Battle of Halidon Hill]] in 1333, both of which were English victories. However, the Scots eventually regained the upper hand, and by 1357, the Treaty of [[Berwick]] was signed, recognizing David II as the legitimate king of Scotland.

=== Aftermath ===
The Wars of Scottish Independence had a profound impact on the history of Scotland. They established Scotland as an independent kingdom and fostered a sense of national identity. The wars also had significant political and social consequences, shaping the future of both Scotland and England.

== Related Pages ==
* [[Kingdom of Scotland]]
* [[Kingdom of England]]
* [[Alexander III of Scotland]]
* [[Edward I of England]]
* [[William Wallace]]
* [[Robert the Bruce]]
* [[Battle of Bannockburn]]
* [[David II of Scotland]]
* [[Edward III of England]]

[[Category:Wars involving Scotland]]
[[Category:Wars involving England]]
[[Category:13th century in Scotland]]
[[Category:14th century in Scotland]]
[[Category:13th century in England]]
[[Category:14th century in England]]
[[Category:Medieval Scotland]]
[[Category:Medieval England]]

{{Scotland-hist-stub}}

Wars of Scottish Independence - Revision history

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