Vero cell - Revision history

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2025-02-13T03:46:30Z

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	== Vero Cell ==		== Vero Cell ==

	[[File:Vero_cells.jpg\|thumb\|Vero cells under a microscope]]		[[File:Vero_cells.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Vero cells under a microscope]]

	'''Vero cells''' are a ~~lineage~~ of ~~cells used in~~ cell ~~cultures. The "Vero" lineage was isolated~~ from kidney ~~epithelial cells extracted from an~~ African green monkey (''Chlorocebus sabaeus'').		'''Vero cells''' are a type of cell line derived from the kidney of the African green monkey, ''[[Chlorocebus sabaeus]]''. These cells are widely used in [[cell culture]] and [[virology]] research due to their ability to support the growth of a wide range of viruses.

	== History ==		== History ==

	Vero cells were ~~developed on March 27,~~ 1962, by Yasumura and Kawakita at the Chiba University in ~~Chiba,~~ Japan. The name "Vero" is derived from ~~an abbreviation of~~ "Verda Reno," which means "green kidney" in Esperanto, ~~referring to the~~ origin ~~of the cells~~ from the kidney of the African green monkey.		Vero cells were first isolated in 1962 by Yasumura and Kawakita at the Chiba University in Japan. The name "Vero" is derived from "Verda Reno," which means "green kidney" in Esperanto, reflecting their origin from the kidney of the African green monkey.

	== Characteristics ==		== Characteristics ==

	Vero cells are ~~continuous~~ and ~~aneuploid~~, meaning they ~~have an abnormal number of chromosomes~~. ~~They~~ are ~~non~~-~~tumorigenic~~, which makes them suitable for use in the production of vaccines and other biological products. Vero cells are particularly useful because they are easy to maintain and grow in culture, and they are susceptible to a wide range of viruses, making them ideal for virology research.		Vero cells are [[epithelial cells]] and are characterized by their fibroblast-like morphology. They are adherent cells, meaning they require a surface to attach to in order to grow. Vero cells are [[anchorage-dependent]], which makes them suitable for use in [[monolayer cultures]].

	== Applications ==		== Applications ==

	Vero cells are ~~widely~~ used in the production of [[vaccines]], including those for [[polio]], [[rabies]], and [[smallpox]]. They are also used in the study of [[viral pathogenesis]] and the ~~development~~ of [[antiviral drugs]].		Vero cells are extensively used in the production of [[vaccines]], including those for [[polio]], [[rabies]], and [[smallpox]]. They are also used in the study of [[viral pathogenesis]] and [[toxicology]].

			=== Vaccine Production ===

			Vero cells are a preferred substrate for vaccine production because they are capable of producing high yields of virus. This makes them ideal for the production of [[inactivated vaccines]] and [[live attenuated vaccines]].

			=== Virology Research ===

			In virology, Vero cells are used to study the replication and pathogenesis of various viruses, including [[SARS-CoV-2]], the virus responsible for [[COVID-19]]. Their ability to support the growth of a wide range of viruses makes them a valuable tool in the development of antiviral drugs.

	== Advantages and Limitations ==		== Advantages and Limitations ==

	~~One of the main advantages of~~ Vero cells ~~is their ability to grow in a serum-free medium, which reduces~~ the ~~risk~~ of ~~contamination with animal-derived pathogens~~. ~~However,~~ a ~~limitation is that they~~ are ~~aneuploid, which can lead to genetic instability over time~~.		=== Advantages ===

			* '''Versatility''': Vero cells can support the growth of many different types of viruses.
			* '''Consistency''': They provide a consistent and reproducible system for virus production.
			* '''Regulatory Approval''': Vero cells are well-characterized and have been approved by regulatory agencies for vaccine production.

			=== Limitations ===

	== Related ~~pages~~ ==		* '''Species Origin''': As they are derived from monkey cells, there is a risk of contamination with [[simian viruses]].
			* '''Genetic Stability''': Over time, Vero cells can undergo genetic changes that may affect their characteristics.

			== Related Pages ==

	* [[Cell culture]]		* [[Cell culture]]
	* [[Vaccine production]]		* [[Vaccine production]]
	* [[Virology]]		* [[Virology]]
			* [[African green monkey]]
	~~== References ==~~

	* ~~Yasumura, Y., & Kawakita, Y. (1963). The research for the SV40 by means of tissue culture technique. ''Nippon Rinsho''.~~
	* Barile, M. F., & Hopps, H. E. (1969). Vero cell culture as a substrate for viral vaccine production. ''Developments in Biological Standardization''.

	~~{{Cell culture}}~~

	[[Category:Cell lines]]		[[Category:Cell lines]]
	[[Category:Virology]]		[[Category:Virology]]
			[[Category:Vaccinology]]

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2025-02-09T11:59:39Z

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	~~'''~~Vero cells''' are a type of cell line that is widely used in virology and other biological research areas. Originating from the kidney epithelial cells extracted from an African green monkey ([[Cercopithecus aethiops]]), Vero cells are known for their ability to grow in culture and are used for the production of viral vaccines and for research on viral pathogens.		== Vero Cell ==

	~~==History==~~		[[File:Vero_cells.jpg\|thumb\|Vero cells under a microscope]]
	Vero cells were first isolated in 1962 by Y. Yasumura and Y. Kawakita at the Chiba University in Japan. The name "Vero" is derived from "verda reno," which means "green kidney" in Esperanto, reflecting the cells' origin. ~~Since their discovery,~~ Vero cells ~~have become one of the most important cell lines in virology due to their high efficiency in propagating viruses.~~

	~~==Characteristics==~~		'''Vero cells''' are a lineage of cells used in cell cultures. The "Vero" lineage was isolated from kidney epithelial cells extracted from an African green monkey (''Chlorocebus sabaeus'').
	Vero cells are ~~characterized by their fibroblast-like shape and their ability to reach high cell densities~~ in ~~culture. Unlike many other~~ cell ~~lines, Vero cells do not produce interferon, a type of protein that is part of the immune response against viral infections~~. ~~This lack of interferon production allows viruses to replicate more efficiently, making~~ Vero cells an ~~ideal tool for virology research~~.

	==~~Applications~~==		== History ==
	Vero cells are used in a variety of research and industrial applications. One of the most significant uses of Vero cells is in the production of viral vaccines. They are used to propagate viruses for vaccines against diseases such as polio, rabies, and smallpox. In addition to vaccine production, Vero cells are also used in basic research to study viral life cycles, pathogenesis, and host-virus interactions.

	~~==Safety~~ and ~~Regulation==~~		Vero cells were developed on March 27, 1962, by Yasumura and Kawakita at the Chiba University in Chiba, Japan. The name "Vero" is derived from an abbreviation of "Verda Reno," which means "green kidney" in Esperanto, referring to the origin of the cells from the kidney of the African green monkey.
	The ~~use~~ of ~~Vero cells~~ in ~~vaccine production is subject to strict regulatory oversight~~ to ~~ensure~~ the ~~safety and efficacy~~ of ~~vaccines. The World Health Organization (WHO) and other regulatory bodies have established guidelines for~~ the ~~use~~ of ~~cell lines in vaccine manufacture, including~~ the ~~characterization and testing of cell lines for contaminants~~.

	==~~Controversies~~==		== Characteristics ==
	The use of Vero cells, like other animal-derived cell lines, has raised ethical concerns regarding animal welfare and the use of animals in scientific research. Additionally, there have been concerns about the potential for contamination with animal viruses, which could pose risks to human health. However, rigorous testing and regulatory standards are in place to minimize these risks.

	~~==Future Directions==~~		Vero cells are continuous and aneuploid, meaning they have an abnormal number of chromosomes. They are non-tumorigenic, which makes them suitable for use in the production of vaccines and other biological products. Vero cells are particularly useful because they are easy to maintain and grow in culture, and they are susceptible to a wide range of viruses, making them ideal for virology research.
	~~Research on~~ Vero cells ~~continues to evolve~~, ~~with ongoing studies aimed at improving the safety and efficiency~~ of ~~these cells~~ for ~~vaccine~~ production and other ~~applications~~. ~~Advances~~ in ~~genetic engineering~~ and ~~cell culture technology may lead~~ to ~~the development~~ of ~~new Vero cell lines with enhanced properties~~ for research ~~and industrial use~~.

	[[Category:Cell ~~biology~~]]		== Applications ==

			Vero cells are widely used in the production of [[vaccines]], including those for [[polio]], [[rabies]], and [[smallpox]]. They are also used in the study of [[viral pathogenesis]] and the development of [[antiviral drugs]].

			== Advantages and Limitations ==

			One of the main advantages of Vero cells is their ability to grow in a serum-free medium, which reduces the risk of contamination with animal-derived pathogens. However, a limitation is that they are aneuploid, which can lead to genetic instability over time.

			== Related pages ==

			* [[Cell culture]]
			* [[Vaccine production]]
			* [[Virology]]

			== References ==

			* Yasumura, Y., & Kawakita, Y. (1963). The research for the SV40 by means of tissue culture technique. ''Nippon Rinsho''.
			* Barile, M. F., & Hopps, H. E. (1969). Vero cell culture as a substrate for viral vaccine production. ''Developments in Biological Standardization''.

			{{Cell culture}}

			[[Category:Cell lines]]
	[[Category:Virology]]		[[Category:Virology]]
	~~[[Category:Biotechnology]]~~

	~~{{Cell-biology-stub}}~~
	~~{{Virology-stub}}~~

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2024-03-22T13:02:58Z

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New page

'''Vero cells''' are a type of cell line that is widely used in virology and other biological research areas. Originating from the kidney epithelial cells extracted from an African green monkey ([[Cercopithecus aethiops]]), Vero cells are known for their ability to grow in culture and are used for the production of viral vaccines and for research on viral pathogens.

==History==
Vero cells were first isolated in 1962 by Y. Yasumura and Y. Kawakita at the Chiba University in Japan. The name "Vero" is derived from "verda reno," which means "green kidney" in Esperanto, reflecting the cells' origin. Since their discovery, Vero cells have become one of the most important cell lines in virology due to their high efficiency in propagating viruses.

==Characteristics==
Vero cells are characterized by their fibroblast-like shape and their ability to reach high cell densities in culture. Unlike many other cell lines, Vero cells do not produce interferon, a type of protein that is part of the immune response against viral infections. This lack of interferon production allows viruses to replicate more efficiently, making Vero cells an ideal tool for virology research.

==Applications==
Vero cells are used in a variety of research and industrial applications. One of the most significant uses of Vero cells is in the production of viral vaccines. They are used to propagate viruses for vaccines against diseases such as polio, rabies, and smallpox. In addition to vaccine production, Vero cells are also used in basic research to study viral life cycles, pathogenesis, and host-virus interactions.

==Safety and Regulation==
The use of Vero cells in vaccine production is subject to strict regulatory oversight to ensure the safety and efficacy of vaccines. The World Health Organization (WHO) and other regulatory bodies have established guidelines for the use of cell lines in vaccine manufacture, including the characterization and testing of cell lines for contaminants.

==Controversies==
The use of Vero cells, like other animal-derived cell lines, has raised ethical concerns regarding animal welfare and the use of animals in scientific research. Additionally, there have been concerns about the potential for contamination with animal viruses, which could pose risks to human health. However, rigorous testing and regulatory standards are in place to minimize these risks.

==Future Directions==
Research on Vero cells continues to evolve, with ongoing studies aimed at improving the safety and efficiency of these cells for vaccine production and other applications. Advances in genetic engineering and cell culture technology may lead to the development of new Vero cell lines with enhanced properties for research and industrial use.

[[Category:Cell biology]]
[[Category:Virology]]
[[Category:Biotechnology]]

{{Cell-biology-stub}}
{{Virology-stub}}