Urban runoff - Revision history

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	[[Category:Water pollution]]		[[Category:Water pollution]]
	[[Category:Urban studies and planning]]		[[Category:Urban studies and planning]]
			== Urban_runoff ==
			<gallery>
			File:Storm_Drain.JPG\|Storm drain
			File:Walking_in_the_Rain_New_Orleans.jpg\|Walking in the rain in New Orleans
			File:Natural_&_impervious_cover_diagrams_EPA.jpg\|Natural and impervious cover diagrams
			File:Weaselbrgrandavpassaicjeh.JPG\|Urban runoff
			File:Mali,_Bamako,_Rue_249_(1).JPG\|Urban runoff
			File:Large_oil_slick_in_parking_lot_of_Tenleytown_McDonald's.jpg\|Large oil slick in parking lot
			File:Percolation_trench.jpg\|Percolation trench
			File:Oil-grit_separator_USGS_2002.png\|Oil-grit separator
			</gallery>

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	~~'''~~Urban runoff''' is a form of [[surface runoff]] that is generated by [[urbanization]]. It is characterized by the rapid flow of rainwater from roofs, roads, and other man-made surfaces to [[storm drains]], which often lead directly to [[rivers]], [[lakes]], and [[oceans]]. This runoff can carry pollutants, sediment, and other materials into these bodies of water, potentially causing significant environmental damage.		== Urban Runoff ==

	~~==Causes of Urban Runoff==~~		[[File:Storm_Drain.JPG\|thumb\|A storm drain designed to manage urban runoff.]]

	Urban runoff is ~~primarily caused by~~ [[~~rainfall~~]] ~~and~~ [[~~snowmelt~~]] ~~that occurs on impervious surfaces, such as roads, parking lots, and rooftops~~. ~~These surfaces prevent water from infiltrating into the ground, leading to increased~~ runoff~~. Other contributing factors include~~ the ~~removal of vegetation~~ and ~~soil, changes in topography~~, and ~~the construction of drainage networks and other infrastructure~~.		'''Urban runoff''' is surface [[runoff]] of rainwater created by [[urbanization]]. This runoff is a major component of the [[water cycle]] in urban areas and can lead to significant environmental issues, including [[water pollution]] and [[flooding]].

	==~~Impacts of Urban Runoff~~==		== Causes ==

	Urban runoff ~~can have a number of negative impacts on~~ the ~~environment~~ and ~~human health~~. ~~These include:~~		Urban runoff occurs when [[precipitation]] from rain or snowmelt flows over [[impervious surfaces]] such as [[roads]], [[parking lots]], and [[rooftops]]. These surfaces prevent water from naturally soaking into the ground, leading to increased runoff volumes and flow rates.

	* '''[[~~Water pollution]]'''~~: ~~Urban runoff can carry a variety of pollutants into bodies of water~~. ~~These can include [[heavy metals]], [[pesticides]], [[oil]]~~ and ~~[[grease]], [[litter]], and [[fecal coliform bacteria~~]]~~. This pollution can harm aquatic life and make water unsafe for human use.~~		[[File:Natural_&_impervious_cover_diagrams_EPA.jpg\|thumb\|Diagram showing natural and impervious cover.]]

	* '''[[Erosion]] and [[sedimentation]]''': The increased volume and speed of urban runoff can cause erosion and sedimentation in rivers and streams. This can degrade habitats and harm aquatic life.		== Environmental Impact ==

	* '''[[~~Flooding~~]]~~''': Urban runoff~~ can ~~increase the risk of flooding, particularly in areas with inadequate drainage infrastructure~~.		Urban runoff can carry a variety of pollutants, including [[oil]], [[grease]], [[heavy metals]], and [[sediments]], into nearby [[water bodies]]. This can degrade [[water quality]] and harm [[aquatic ecosystems]].

	* '''[[~~Heat island effect]]~~'~~'': Impervious surfaces can increase the temperature~~ of urban runoff~~, which can then raise the temperature of receiving bodies of water. This can harm aquatic life and contribute to the heat island effect~~.		[[File:Large_oil_slick_in_parking_lot_of_Tenleytown_McDonald's.jpg\|thumb\|Oil slick in a parking lot, a common source of urban runoff pollution.]]

	==Management ~~of Urban Runoff~~==		== Management Strategies ==

	~~There are a number~~ of ~~strategies for managing~~ urban runoff, ~~including:~~		To mitigate the effects of urban runoff, various [[stormwater management]] practices are employed. These include the use of [[percolation trenches]], [[oil-grit separators]], and [[green infrastructure]] such as [[green roofs]] and [[rain gardens]].

	* '''[[~~Green infrastructure]]'''~~: ~~This includes practices such as [[rain gardens~~]]~~, [[green roofs]], and [[permeable pavement]], which can absorb and filter runoff.~~		[[File:Percolation_trench.jpg\|thumb\|A percolation trench used to manage stormwater.]]

	* '''[[Stormwater management]]''': This includes the use of [[storm drains]], [[detention basins]], and other infrastructure to control runoff and prevent flooding.		== Case Studies ==

	* '''[[~~Pollution prevention~~]]~~''': This includes practices such as street sweeping, litter control, and the proper disposal of hazardous materials~~.		In many cities, efforts are underway to reduce urban runoff through improved infrastructure and public awareness campaigns. For example, [[New Orleans]] has implemented projects to enhance its stormwater management systems.

	~~==See Also==~~		[[File:Walking_in_the_Rain_New_Orleans.jpg\|thumb\|Walking in the rain in New Orleans, a city affected by urban runoff.]]

	* [[~~Water cycle~~]]		== Related Pages ==

			* [[Stormwater management]]
	* [[Water pollution]]		* [[Water pollution]]
	* [[~~Stormwater~~]]		* [[Green infrastructure]]
	* [[Sustainable urban drainage systems]]
	* [[Low-impact development (North America)]]		== References ==

			{{Reflist}}

	~~[[Category:Hydrology]]~~
	[[Category:Water pollution]]		[[Category:Water pollution]]
	[[Category:Urban planning]]		[[Category:Urban studies and planning]]
	~~[[Category:Environmental science]]~~
	~~{{environment-stub}}~~

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New page

'''Urban runoff''' is a form of [[surface runoff]] that is generated by [[urbanization]]. It is characterized by the rapid flow of rainwater from roofs, roads, and other man-made surfaces to [[storm drains]], which often lead directly to [[rivers]], [[lakes]], and [[oceans]]. This runoff can carry pollutants, sediment, and other materials into these bodies of water, potentially causing significant environmental damage.

==Causes of Urban Runoff==

Urban runoff is primarily caused by [[rainfall]] and [[snowmelt]] that occurs on impervious surfaces, such as roads, parking lots, and rooftops. These surfaces prevent water from infiltrating into the ground, leading to increased runoff. Other contributing factors include the removal of vegetation and soil, changes in topography, and the construction of drainage networks and other infrastructure.

==Impacts of Urban Runoff==

Urban runoff can have a number of negative impacts on the environment and human health. These include:

* '''[[Water pollution]]''': Urban runoff can carry a variety of pollutants into bodies of water. These can include [[heavy metals]], [[pesticides]], [[oil]] and [[grease]], [[litter]], and [[fecal coliform bacteria]]. This pollution can harm aquatic life and make water unsafe for human use.

* '''[[Erosion]] and [[sedimentation]]''': The increased volume and speed of urban runoff can cause erosion and sedimentation in rivers and streams. This can degrade habitats and harm aquatic life.

* '''[[Flooding]]''': Urban runoff can increase the risk of flooding, particularly in areas with inadequate drainage infrastructure.

* '''[[Heat island effect]]''': Impervious surfaces can increase the temperature of urban runoff, which can then raise the temperature of receiving bodies of water. This can harm aquatic life and contribute to the heat island effect.

==Management of Urban Runoff==

There are a number of strategies for managing urban runoff, including:

* '''[[Green infrastructure]]''': This includes practices such as [[rain gardens]], [[green roofs]], and [[permeable pavement]], which can absorb and filter runoff.

* '''[[Stormwater management]]''': This includes the use of [[storm drains]], [[detention basins]], and other infrastructure to control runoff and prevent flooding.

* '''[[Pollution prevention]]''': This includes practices such as street sweeping, litter control, and the proper disposal of hazardous materials.

==See Also==

* [[Water cycle]]
* [[Water pollution]]
* [[Stormwater]]
* [[Sustainable urban drainage systems]]
* [[Low-impact development (North America)]]

[[Category:Hydrology]]
[[Category:Water pollution]]
[[Category:Urban planning]]
[[Category:Environmental science]]
{{environment-stub}}