Prab: CSV import

2025-04-08T20:19:53Z

CSV import

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:19, 8 April 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Upper motor neuron lesion
			\| image = [[File:Gray764.png\|250px]]
			\| caption = Diagram of the [[central nervous system]] showing the [[corticospinal tract]]
			\| synonyms = Pyramidal tract lesion
			\| specialty = [[Neurology]]
			\| symptoms = [[Spasticity]], [[hyperreflexia]], [[Babinski sign]], [[clonus]]
			\| causes = [[Stroke]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[traumatic brain injury]], [[cerebral palsy]]
			\| diagnosis = [[Neurological examination]], [[MRI]], [[CT scan]]
			\| differential = [[Lower motor neuron lesion]], [[peripheral neuropathy]]
			\| treatment = [[Physical therapy]], [[occupational therapy]], [[medications]] for spasticity
			\| prognosis = Variable, depends on underlying cause and extent of damage
			\| frequency = Common in conditions affecting the [[central nervous system]]
			}}
	= Upper Motor Neuron Lesion (Pyramidal Insufficiency) =		= Upper Motor Neuron Lesion (Pyramidal Insufficiency) =
			== Introduction ==
	== ~~Overview~~ ==
	'''Upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion''', also known as '''pyramidal insufficiency''', refers to damage in the neural pathway above the anterior horn cell of the spinal cord or motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. This contrasts with '''lower motor neuron (LMN) lesions''', which affect nerve fibers traveling from the anterior horn of the spinal cord or cranial motor nuclei to the muscles.		'''Upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion''', also known as '''pyramidal insufficiency''', refers to damage in the neural pathway above the anterior horn cell of the spinal cord or motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. This contrasts with '''lower motor neuron (LMN) lesions''', which affect nerve fibers traveling from the anterior horn of the spinal cord or cranial motor nuclei to the muscles.
			[[File:Nervous and mental diseases (1911) (14775178011).jpg\|left\|thumb\|Diagram of brain showing areas affected by upper motor neuron lesions]]
	[[File:Nervous and mental diseases (1911) (14775178011).jpg\|thumb\|Diagram of brain showing areas affected by upper motor neuron lesions]]

	== Causes ==		== Causes ==
	UMN lesions can occur due to a variety of conditions including:		UMN lesions can occur due to a variety of conditions including:
Line 14:		Line 26:
	* Multiple system atrophy		* Multiple system atrophy
	* [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]]		* [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]]

	<youtube>		<youtube>
	title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''		title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''
	movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/ClXsS7O8seg		movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/ClXsS7O8seg
	&rel=1		&rel=1
Line 25:		Line 36:
	height=600		height=600
	</youtube>		</youtube>

	== Symptoms ==		== Symptoms ==
	Common symptoms of UMN lesions include:		Common symptoms of UMN lesions include:
Line 32:		Line 42:
	* Hyperreflexia (exaggerated reflexes)		* Hyperreflexia (exaggerated reflexes)
	* Babinski sign (upward response of the big toe when the sole of the foot is stimulated)		* Babinski sign (upward response of the big toe when the sole of the foot is stimulated)

	== Diagnosis ==		== Diagnosis ==
	Diagnosis of UMN lesions involves:		Diagnosis of UMN lesions involves:
Line 38:		Line 47:
	* Imaging studies such as MRI or CT scan		* Imaging studies such as MRI or CT scan
	* Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (in some cases)		* Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (in some cases)

	== Treatment ==		== Treatment ==
	Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and may include:		Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and may include:
Line 44:		Line 52:
	* Medications to reduce muscle spasticity		* Medications to reduce muscle spasticity
	* Supportive care for associated conditions		* Supportive care for associated conditions

	== UMN vs LMN Lesions ==		== UMN vs LMN Lesions ==
	Differences between UMN and LMN lesions:		Differences between UMN and LMN lesions:
	* '''UMN Lesions:''' Spasticity, hyperreflexia, positive Babinski sign.		* '''UMN Lesions:''' Spasticity, hyperreflexia, positive Babinski sign.
	* '''LMN Lesions:''' Muscle atrophy, fasciculations, decreased muscle tone and reflexes.		* '''LMN Lesions:''' Muscle atrophy, fasciculations, decreased muscle tone and reflexes.
			[[File: ALS subtypes UMN LMN distribution.png\|left\|thumb\|Diagram of spinal cord showing areas affected by lower motor neuron lesions]]
	[[File: ALS subtypes UMN LMN distribution.png\|thumb\|Diagram of spinal cord showing areas affected by lower motor neuron lesions]]

	== Prognosis ==		== Prognosis ==
	The prognosis for UMN lesions varies depending on the underlying cause and the extent of neurological involvement.		The prognosis for UMN lesions varies depending on the underlying cause and the extent of neurological involvement.

	== Epidemiology ==		== Epidemiology ==
	The prevalence of UMN lesions is closely tied to the conditions causing them, such as stroke or multiple sclerosis.		The prevalence of UMN lesions is closely tied to the conditions causing them, such as stroke or multiple sclerosis.

	== References ==		== References ==
	<references/>		<references/>
Line 63:		Line 66:
	* [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354022 Mayo Clinic - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]		* [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354022 Mayo Clinic - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]
	* [https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/types-of-stroke American Stroke Association - Types of Stroke]		* [https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/types-of-stroke American Stroke Association - Types of Stroke]

	== External Links ==		== External Links ==
	* [https://www.mssociety.org.uk/about-ms/signs-and-symptoms/movement-symptoms Multiple Sclerosis Society - Movement Symptoms]		* [https://www.mssociety.org.uk/about-ms/signs-and-symptoms/movement-symptoms Multiple Sclerosis Society - Movement Symptoms]
	* [https://www.brainline.org/article/what-are-upper-and-lower-motor-neuron-lesions Brainline - Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Lesions]		* [https://www.brainline.org/article/what-are-upper-and-lower-motor-neuron-lesions Brainline - Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Lesions]

	[[Category:Neurology]]		[[Category:Neurology]]
	[[Category:Motor Disorders]]		[[Category:Motor Disorders]]
	[[Category:Neurological Disorders]]		[[Category:Neurological Disorders]]
	{{stub}}		{{stub}}

Kondreddy Naveen at 22:49, 22 November 2023

2023-11-22T22:49:05Z

New page

= Upper Motor Neuron Lesion (Pyramidal Insufficiency) =

== Overview ==
'''Upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion''', also known as '''pyramidal insufficiency''', refers to damage in the neural pathway above the anterior horn cell of the spinal cord or motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. This contrasts with '''lower motor neuron (LMN) lesions''', which affect nerve fibers traveling from the anterior horn of the spinal cord or cranial motor nuclei to the muscles.

[[File:Nervous and mental diseases (1911) (14775178011).jpg|thumb|Diagram of brain showing areas affected by upper motor neuron lesions]]

== Causes ==
UMN lesions can occur due to a variety of conditions including:
* [[Stroke]]
* [[Multiple sclerosis]]
* [[Traumatic brain injury]]
* [[Cerebral palsy]]
* Multiple system atrophy
* [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]]

<youtube>
title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''
movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/ClXsS7O8seg
&rel=1
embed_source_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/ClXsS7O8seg
&rel=1
wrap = yes
width=750
height=600
</youtube>

== Symptoms ==
Common symptoms of UMN lesions include:
* Muscle weakness
* Spasticity (increased muscle tone)
* Hyperreflexia (exaggerated reflexes)
* Babinski sign (upward response of the big toe when the sole of the foot is stimulated)

== Diagnosis ==
Diagnosis of UMN lesions involves:
* Neurological examination
* Imaging studies such as MRI or CT scan
* Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (in some cases)

== Treatment ==
Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and may include:
* Physical therapy and rehabilitation
* Medications to reduce muscle spasticity
* Supportive care for associated conditions

== UMN vs LMN Lesions ==
Differences between UMN and LMN lesions:
* '''UMN Lesions:''' Spasticity, hyperreflexia, positive Babinski sign.
* '''LMN Lesions:''' Muscle atrophy, fasciculations, decreased muscle tone and reflexes.

[[File: ALS subtypes UMN LMN distribution.png|thumb|Diagram of spinal cord showing areas affected by lower motor neuron lesions]]

== Prognosis ==
The prognosis for UMN lesions varies depending on the underlying cause and the extent of neurological involvement.

== Epidemiology ==
The prevalence of UMN lesions is closely tied to the conditions causing them, such as stroke or multiple sclerosis.

== References ==
<references/>
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539697/ National Center for Biotechnology Information - Upper Motor Neuron Lesion]
* [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354022 Mayo Clinic - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]
* [https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/types-of-stroke American Stroke Association - Types of Stroke]

== External Links ==
* [https://www.mssociety.org.uk/about-ms/signs-and-symptoms/movement-symptoms Multiple Sclerosis Society - Movement Symptoms]
* [https://www.brainline.org/article/what-are-upper-and-lower-motor-neuron-lesions Brainline - Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Lesions]

[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Motor Disorders]]
[[Category:Neurological Disorders]]
{{stub}}

Upper motor neuron lesion - Revision history

Prab: CSV import

Kondreddy Naveen at 22:49, 22 November 2023