Tymoviridae - Revision history

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	== Tymoviridae ==		{{Short description\|Family of viruses}}
			{{Taxobox
			\| name = Tymoviridae
			\| virus_group = iv
			\| familia = Tymoviridae
			\| image = Turnip_yellow_mosaic_virus_2.jpg
			\| image_caption = Turnip yellow mosaic virus, a member of the [[Tymoviridae]] family
			}}

	[[~~File:Turnip_yellow_mosaic_virus_2~~.~~jpg\|thumb\|right\|~~Turnip yellow mosaic virus~~, a member of the Tymoviridae family~~]]		The '''Tymoviridae''' is a family of [[viruses]] in the order [[Tymovirales]]. Members of this family are known to infect [[plants]], causing a variety of diseases that can impact agricultural productivity. The family is named after the type species, [[Turnip yellow mosaic virus]].

	~~'''Tymoviridae''' is a family of~~ [[~~viruses~~]] in the ~~order [[Tymovirales]]~~. The ~~family includes three genera: ''[[Maculavirus]]''~~, ''[[~~Marafivirus~~]]~~'',~~ and ~~''[[Tymovirus]]''~~. ~~These viruses primarily infect [[plants]], causing a variety of symptoms that can affect agricultural productivity~~.		==Structure==
			[[File:Turnip_yellow_mosaic_virus_2.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Turnip yellow mosaic virus particles]]
			Viruses in the Tymoviridae family are characterized by their non-enveloped, icosahedral capsids. The capsid is composed of a single type of protein and encapsulates a single-stranded, positive-sense [[RNA]] genome. The genome is typically monopartite and ranges from 6.0 to 7.5 kilobases in length.

	== ~~Taxonomy~~ ==		==Genome==
	The ~~family~~ Tymoviridae is ~~divided into three genera:~~		The genome of Tymoviridae viruses is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecule. It contains a 5' cap structure and a 3' poly-A tail, which are typical features of eukaryotic mRNA. The genome encodes several proteins, including a replicase, movement proteins, and a coat protein.

	* ''[[Maculavirus]]''		==Replication==
	* ''[[Marafivirus]]''		Replication of Tymoviridae viruses occurs in the [[cytoplasm]] of the host cell. The virus enters the host cell and releases its RNA genome, which is then translated by the host's ribosomes. The viral replicase synthesizes a complementary negative-sense RNA strand, which serves as a template for the production of new positive-sense RNA genomes. These genomes are packaged into new virions, which are then released to infect other cells.
	* ''[[~~Tymovirus~~]]''

	~~Each genus contains several species, which~~ are ~~classified based on their~~ [[~~genome~~]] ~~organization, host range~~, and [[~~vector (epidemiology)\|vector~~]] ~~relationships~~.		==Transmission==
			Tymoviridae viruses are primarily transmitted by [[insect vectors]], such as [[beetles]] and [[aphids]]. The viruses can also be spread through mechanical means, such as contaminated tools or human handling of infected plants.

	== ~~Structure~~ ==		==Host Range==
	~~Viruses in the~~ Tymoviridae ~~family are non-enveloped and have an icosahedral~~ [[~~capsid~~]] ~~with~~ a ~~diameter~~ of ~~approximately 30 nm. The~~ [[~~genome~~]] ~~is a single-stranded~~, ~~positive-sense~~ [[~~RNA~~]] ~~molecule~~, ~~typically around 6.0 to 7.5 kilobases in length. The genome encodes a [[polyprotein]] that is processed into functional proteins by viral~~ [[~~protease~~]]s.		The host range of Tymoviridae viruses is generally limited to [[dicotyledonous]] plants. They are known to infect a variety of economically important crops, including [[turnips]], [[grapes]], and [[citrus]] plants.

	== ~~Replication~~ ==		==Symptoms==
	~~Replication~~ of ~~Tymoviridae viruses occurs in the~~ [[~~cytoplasm~~]] ~~of the host cell. The virus enters the cell and releases its RNA genome~~, ~~which is translated into viral proteins. The replication of the RNA genome is mediated by a viral~~ [[~~RNA-dependent RNA polymerase~~]]. ~~New virions are assembled in~~ the ~~cytoplasm~~ and ~~released from the cell to infect new host cells~~.		Infected plants may exhibit a range of symptoms, including [[mosaic]] patterns on leaves, [[chlorosis]], [[stunting]], and reduced yield. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the virus strain, host species, and environmental conditions.

	== ~~Transmission~~ ==		==Control==
	Tymoviridae ~~viruses are primarily transmitted by [[~~insect]] vectors, ~~such as [[beetles]]~~ and ~~[[leafhoppers]]. Some species can also be transmitted mechanically through [[sap]] or by [[seed]]~~.		Control of Tymoviridae infections involves integrated pest management strategies, including the use of resistant plant varieties, control of insect vectors, and sanitation measures to prevent mechanical transmission.

	~~== Symptoms ==~~		==Related pages==
	Infected plants may exhibit a range of symptoms, including [[mosaic (virus)\|mosaic]] patterns on leaves, [[chlorosis]], [[necrosis]], and [[stunting]]. These symptoms can lead to reduced [[crop yield]] and quality.

	~~== Economic Impact ==~~
	The economic impact of Tymoviridae viruses is significant in agriculture, particularly in crops such as [[grapevine]], [[citrus]], and [[turnip]]. Effective management strategies include the use of resistant plant varieties, vector control, and [[quarantine]] measures.

	== Related ~~Pages~~ ==
	* [[Virus]]		* [[Virus]]
	* [[Plant virus]]
	* [[RNA virus]]		* [[RNA virus]]
	* [[~~Viral replication~~]]		* [[Plant pathology]]
			* [[Tymovirales]]

	[[Category:~~Virus families~~]]		[[Category:Tymoviridae]]
	[[Category:Plant ~~pathogens and diseases~~]]		[[Category:Plant viruses]]

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2025-02-09T15:47:46Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 15:47, 9 February 2025
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	~~{{Taxobox~~		== Tymoviridae ==
	\| ~~name =~~ Tymoviridae
	~~\| virus_group = iv~~		[[File:Turnip_yellow_mosaic_virus_2.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Turnip yellow mosaic virus, a member of the Tymoviridae family]]
	~~\| ordo =~~ Tymovirales
	~~\| familia~~ = Tymoviridae		'''Tymoviridae''' is a family of [[viruses]] in the order [[Tymovirales]]. The family includes three genera: ''[[Maculavirus]]'', ''[[Marafivirus]]'', and ''[[Tymovirus]]''. These viruses primarily infect [[plants]], causing a variety of symptoms that can affect agricultural productivity.
	~~\| subdivision_ranks = Genera~~
	~~\| subdivision =~~ * ''[[~~Tymovirus~~]]''		== Taxonomy ==
			The family Tymoviridae is divided into three genera:

			* ''[[Maculavirus]]''
	* ''[[Marafivirus]]''		* ''[[Marafivirus]]''
	* ~~''[[Maculavirus]]''~~		* ''[[Tymovirus]]''
	}}

	~~The '''Tymoviridae''' is a family of [[viruses]] in the order [[Tymovirales]]. This family includes three genera:~~ ''[[Tymovirus]]''~~, ''[[Marafivirus]]'', and ''[[Maculavirus]]''. Members of this family are known to infect plants, causing a variety of symptoms that can lead to significant agricultural losses.~~

	~~==Structure==~~		Each genus contains several species, which are classified based on their [[genome]] organization, host range, and [[vector (epidemiology)\|vector]] relationships.
	~~Tymoviridae viruses~~ are ~~non-enveloped~~, ~~with icosahedral capsids approximately 30 nm in diameter. The capsid is composed of 180 copies of a single type of coat protein. The genome is a single-stranded~~, ~~positive-sense~~ [[~~RNA~~]] ~~molecule, typically around 6.0 to 7.5 kilobases in length. The genome encodes a large polyprotein that is processed into functional proteins by viral proteases~~.

	==~~Genome Organization~~==		== Structure ==
	~~The genome~~ of ~~Tymoviridae viruses is organized into several open reading frames (ORFs)~~. The ~~5' end of the~~ genome ~~contains~~ a ~~methylated cap structure~~, ~~while the 3' end has a polyadenylated tail~~. The ~~first ORF~~ encodes a polyprotein that ~~includes domains for replication, such as the~~ [[~~RNA-dependent RNA polymerase~~]] ~~(RdRp), helicase, and protease. Downstream ORFs encode movement proteins and the coat protein~~.		Viruses in the Tymoviridae family are non-enveloped and have an icosahedral [[capsid]] with a diameter of approximately 30 nm. The [[genome]] is a single-stranded, positive-sense [[RNA]] molecule, typically around 6.0 to 7.5 kilobases in length. The genome encodes a [[polyprotein]] that is processed into functional proteins by viral [[protease]]s.

	==Replication ~~Cycle~~==		== Replication ==
	Replication of Tymoviridae viruses occurs in the cytoplasm of the host cell. The virus enters the ~~host~~ cell, and ~~the viral~~ RNA is ~~released~~ into ~~the cytoplasm. The host's ribosomes translate the~~ viral ~~RNA into~~ proteins~~, including the replication complex~~. The replication ~~complex synthesizes~~ a ~~complementary negative-sense~~ RNA ~~strand, which serves as a template for the production of new positive~~-~~sense~~ RNA ~~genomes~~. ~~These new genomes~~ are ~~either packaged into~~ new ~~virions or used for further translation of viral proteins~~.		Replication of Tymoviridae viruses occurs in the [[cytoplasm]] of the host cell. The virus enters the cell and releases its RNA genome, which is translated into viral proteins. The replication of the RNA genome is mediated by a viral [[RNA-dependent RNA polymerase]]. New virions are assembled in the cytoplasm and released from the cell to infect new host cells.

	==Transmission==		== Transmission ==
	Tymoviridae viruses are primarily transmitted by insect vectors, such as beetles and ~~aphids, in a non-persistent manner~~. Some ~~members of the family~~ can also be transmitted through ~~mechanical means, such as contaminated tools~~ or by ~~direct contact between plants~~.		Tymoviridae viruses are primarily transmitted by [[insect]] vectors, such as [[beetles]] and [[leafhoppers]]. Some species can also be transmitted mechanically through [[sap]] or by [[seed]].

	==~~Pathogenicity and~~ Symptoms==		== Symptoms ==
	Infected plants may exhibit a range of symptoms, including mosaic patterns on leaves, chlorosis, ~~stunting~~, and ~~reduced yield~~. ~~The severity of~~ symptoms can ~~vary depending on the virus species, the host plant,~~ and ~~environmental conditions~~.		Infected plants may exhibit a range of symptoms, including [[mosaic (virus)\|mosaic]] patterns on leaves, [[chlorosis]], [[necrosis]], and [[stunting]]. These symptoms can lead to reduced [[crop yield]] and quality.

	==~~Genera~~==		== Economic Impact ==
	* '''''[[~~Tymovirus~~]]~~''''': This genus includes viruses such as the ''Turnip yellow mosaic virus'' (TYMV)~~, ~~which is a well-studied model for plant virus research.~~		The economic impact of Tymoviridae viruses is significant in agriculture, particularly in crops such as [[grapevine]], [[citrus]], and [[turnip]]. Effective management strategies include the use of resistant plant varieties, vector control, and [[quarantine]] measures.
	* '''''[[~~Marafivirus~~]]~~''''': Includes viruses like the ''Maize rayado fino virus'' (MRFV)~~, ~~which affects maize crops.~~
	* '''''[[~~Maculavirus~~]]~~''''': Contains viruses such as~~ the ~~''Grapevine fleck virus'' (GFkV)~~, ~~which is associated with grapevine diseases~~.

	==~~Also see~~==		== Related Pages ==
	* [[Virus ~~classification~~]]		* [[Virus]]
	* [[Plant virus]]		* [[Plant virus]]
	* [[RNA virus]]		* [[RNA virus]]
	* [[Viral replication]]		* [[Viral replication]]

	~~{{Virus-stub}}~~		[[Category:Virus families]]
			[[Category:Plant pathogens and diseases]]
	[[Category:~~Tymoviridae~~]]
	[[Category:Plant ~~viruses]]~~
	~~[[Category:RNA viruses~~]]

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2024-12-07T15:27:36Z

CSV import

New page

{{Taxobox
| name = Tymoviridae
| virus_group = iv
| ordo = Tymovirales
| familia = Tymoviridae
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = * ''[[Tymovirus]]''
* ''[[Marafivirus]]''
* ''[[Maculavirus]]''
}}

The '''Tymoviridae''' is a family of [[viruses]] in the order [[Tymovirales]]. This family includes three genera: ''[[Tymovirus]]'', ''[[Marafivirus]]'', and ''[[Maculavirus]]''. Members of this family are known to infect plants, causing a variety of symptoms that can lead to significant agricultural losses.

==Structure==
Tymoviridae viruses are non-enveloped, with icosahedral capsids approximately 30 nm in diameter. The capsid is composed of 180 copies of a single type of coat protein. The genome is a single-stranded, positive-sense [[RNA]] molecule, typically around 6.0 to 7.5 kilobases in length. The genome encodes a large polyprotein that is processed into functional proteins by viral proteases.

==Genome Organization==
The genome of Tymoviridae viruses is organized into several open reading frames (ORFs). The 5' end of the genome contains a methylated cap structure, while the 3' end has a polyadenylated tail. The first ORF encodes a polyprotein that includes domains for replication, such as the [[RNA-dependent RNA polymerase]] (RdRp), helicase, and protease. Downstream ORFs encode movement proteins and the coat protein.

==Replication Cycle==
Replication of Tymoviridae viruses occurs in the cytoplasm of the host cell. The virus enters the host cell, and the viral RNA is released into the cytoplasm. The host's ribosomes translate the viral RNA into proteins, including the replication complex. The replication complex synthesizes a complementary negative-sense RNA strand, which serves as a template for the production of new positive-sense RNA genomes. These new genomes are either packaged into new virions or used for further translation of viral proteins.

==Transmission==
Tymoviridae viruses are primarily transmitted by insect vectors, such as beetles and aphids, in a non-persistent manner. Some members of the family can also be transmitted through mechanical means, such as contaminated tools or by direct contact between plants.

==Pathogenicity and Symptoms==
Infected plants may exhibit a range of symptoms, including mosaic patterns on leaves, chlorosis, stunting, and reduced yield. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the virus species, the host plant, and environmental conditions.

==Genera==
* '''''[[Tymovirus]]''''': This genus includes viruses such as the ''Turnip yellow mosaic virus'' (TYMV), which is a well-studied model for plant virus research.
* '''''[[Marafivirus]]''''': Includes viruses like the ''Maize rayado fino virus'' (MRFV), which affects maize crops.
* '''''[[Maculavirus]]''''': Contains viruses such as the ''Grapevine fleck virus'' (GFkV), which is associated with grapevine diseases.

==Also see==
* [[Virus classification]]
* [[Plant virus]]
* [[RNA virus]]
* [[Viral replication]]

{{Virus-stub}}

[[Category:Tymoviridae]]
[[Category:Plant viruses]]
[[Category:RNA viruses]]