Tuberculous lymphadenitis - Revision history

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			{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Tuberculous lymphadenitis
			\| image = [[File:Tubercular_adinitis_with_sinus.JPG\|250px]]
			\| caption = Tubercular lymphadenitis with sinus
			\| field = [[Infectious disease]]
			\| synonyms = Scrofula
			\| symptoms = [[Swollen lymph nodes]], [[fever]], [[night sweats]], [[weight loss]]
			\| complications = [[Abscess]], [[fistula]]
			\| onset = Gradual
			\| duration = Weeks to months
			\| causes = [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
			\| risks = [[HIV/AIDS]], [[immunosuppression]], [[malnutrition]]
			\| diagnosis = [[Tuberculin skin test]], [[Interferon gamma release assay]], [[biopsy]]
			\| differential = [[Lymphoma]], [[cat-scratch disease]], [[sarcoidosis]]
			\| prevention = [[BCG vaccine]], [[tuberculosis control]]
			\| treatment = [[Antitubercular therapy]]
			\| medication = [[Isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[ethambutol]], [[pyrazinamide]]
			\| prognosis = Generally good with treatment
			\| frequency = Common in developing countries
			}}
	{{Short description\|A form of tuberculosis affecting the lymph nodes}}		{{Short description\|A form of tuberculosis affecting the lymph nodes}}
	~~{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2023}}~~

	'''Tuberculous lymphadenitis''', also known as '''tubercular adenitis''', is a form of [[tuberculosis]] that affects the [[lymph nodes]]. It is the most common form of [[extrapulmonary tuberculosis]].		'''Tuberculous lymphadenitis''', also known as '''tubercular adenitis''', is a form of [[tuberculosis]] that affects the [[lymph nodes]]. It is the most common form of [[extrapulmonary tuberculosis]].

	==Signs and symptoms==		==Signs and symptoms==
	The primary symptom of tuberculous lymphadenitis is the swelling of the lymph nodes, particularly in the neck region, known as [[cervical lymphadenopathy]]. The affected lymph nodes may become matted and can form a sinus tract, leading to the discharge of pus. Other symptoms may include fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue.		The primary symptom of tuberculous lymphadenitis is the swelling of the lymph nodes, particularly in the neck region, known as [[cervical lymphadenopathy]]. The affected lymph nodes may become matted and can form a sinus tract, leading to the discharge of pus. Other symptoms may include fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue.

	==Causes==		==Causes==
	Tuberculous lymphadenitis is caused by the bacterium ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]''. The infection typically spreads from a primary site, such as the lungs, to the lymph nodes through the lymphatic system or bloodstream.		Tuberculous lymphadenitis is caused by the bacterium ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]''. The infection typically spreads from a primary site, such as the lungs, to the lymph nodes through the lymphatic system or bloodstream.

	==Diagnosis==		==Diagnosis==
	Diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. [[Fine needle aspiration]] or excisional biopsy of the lymph node may be performed to obtain samples for [[histopathology]] and [[culture]]. [[Polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) tests can also be used to detect the presence of ''M. tuberculosis'' DNA.		Diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. [[Fine needle aspiration]] or excisional biopsy of the lymph node may be performed to obtain samples for [[histopathology]] and [[culture]]. [[Polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) tests can also be used to detect the presence of ''M. tuberculosis'' DNA.

	==Treatment==		==Treatment==
	The treatment of tuberculous lymphadenitis involves a course of [[antitubercular therapy]] (ATT), which typically includes a combination of drugs such as [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[ethambutol]], and [[pyrazinamide]]. The duration of treatment is usually six months, but it may be extended in certain cases.		The treatment of tuberculous lymphadenitis involves a course of [[antitubercular therapy]] (ATT), which typically includes a combination of drugs such as [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[ethambutol]], and [[pyrazinamide]]. The duration of treatment is usually six months, but it may be extended in certain cases.

	==Prognosis==		==Prognosis==
	With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for tuberculous lymphadenitis is generally good. However, untreated or inadequately treated cases can lead to complications such as the formation of abscesses or sinus tracts.		With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for tuberculous lymphadenitis is generally good. However, untreated or inadequately treated cases can lead to complications such as the formation of abscesses or sinus tracts.

	==Epidemiology==		==Epidemiology==
	Tuberculous lymphadenitis is more prevalent in regions with high rates of tuberculosis, such as parts of [[Africa]], [[Asia]], and [[Latin America]]. It is also more common in individuals with [[HIV/AIDS]] due to their compromised immune systems.		Tuberculous lymphadenitis is more prevalent in regions with high rates of tuberculosis, such as parts of [[Africa]], [[Asia]], and [[Latin America]]. It is also more common in individuals with [[HIV/AIDS]] due to their compromised immune systems.
			==See also==
	==~~Related pages~~==
	* [[Tuberculosis]]		* [[Tuberculosis]]
	* [[Extrapulmonary tuberculosis]]		* [[Extrapulmonary tuberculosis]]
	* [[Lymphadenopathy]]		* [[Lymphadenopathy]]

	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

	[[Category:Tuberculosis]]		[[Category:Tuberculosis]]
	[[Category:Lymphatic system disorders]]		[[Category:Lymphatic system disorders]]
	[[Category:Infectious diseases]]		[[Category:Infectious diseases]]

	~~[[File:Tubercular adinitis with sinus.JPG\|thumb\|Tubercular adenitis with sinus]]~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Tubercular_adinitis_with_sinus.JPG~~
	~~</gallery>~~

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	[[File:Tubercular adinitis with sinus.JPG\|thumb\|Tubercular adenitis with sinus]]		[[File:Tubercular adinitis with sinus.JPG\|thumb\|Tubercular adenitis with sinus]]
			<gallery>
			File:Tubercular_adinitis_with_sinus.JPG
			</gallery>

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	~~'''Tuberculous lymphadenitis''' is a~~ form of [[tuberculosis~~]] that affects~~ the [[lymph nodes~~]]. It is also known as '''tuberculous adenitis''' or '''scrofula'''.~~		{{Short description\|A form of tuberculosis affecting the lymph nodes}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2023}}

	~~== Causes ==~~		'''Tuberculous lymphadenitis''', also known as '''tubercular adenitis''', is a form of [[tuberculosis]] that affects the [[lymph nodes]]. It is the most common form of [[extrapulmonary tuberculosis]].
	Tuberculous lymphadenitis ~~is caused by the bacterium~~ ''[[~~Mycobacterium~~ tuberculosis]]''. ~~This bacterium~~ is ~~spread through~~ the ~~air when a person with active~~ tuberculosis ~~of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, or talks~~.

	== ~~Symptoms~~ ==		==Signs and symptoms==
	The ~~most common~~ symptom of tuberculous lymphadenitis is ~~a painless~~ swelling in the neck, ~~armpit~~, ~~or groin~~. Other symptoms may include fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue.		The primary symptom of tuberculous lymphadenitis is the swelling of the lymph nodes, particularly in the neck region, known as [[cervical lymphadenopathy]]. The affected lymph nodes may become matted and can form a sinus tract, leading to the discharge of pus. Other symptoms may include fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue.

	== ~~Diagnosis~~ ==		==Causes==
	~~Diagnosis of tuberculous~~ lymphadenitis ~~typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests. These tests may include a~~ [[~~tuberculin skin test~~]], ~~blood tests, imaging studies~~ such as ~~a [[chest X-ray]] or [[CT scan]]~~, ~~and a biopsy of~~ the ~~affected~~ lymph ~~node~~.		Tuberculous lymphadenitis is caused by the bacterium ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]''. The infection typically spreads from a primary site, such as the lungs, to the lymph nodes through the lymphatic system or bloodstream.

	== ~~Treatment~~ ==		==Diagnosis==
	~~Treatment for~~ tuberculous lymphadenitis ~~usually~~ involves a ~~course~~ of [[~~antibiotic~~]] ~~therapy~~ for ~~at least six months. The most commonly used antibiotics are~~ [[~~isoniazid~~]], [[~~rifampin~~]]~~, [[pyrazinamide]], and~~ [[~~ethambutol~~]]~~. In some cases, surgery may~~ be ~~required~~ to ~~remove~~ the ~~affected lymph node~~.		Diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. [[Fine needle aspiration]] or excisional biopsy of the lymph node may be performed to obtain samples for [[histopathology]] and [[culture]]. [[Polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) tests can also be used to detect the presence of ''M. tuberculosis'' DNA.

	== ~~Prevention~~ ==		==Treatment==
	~~Prevention~~ of tuberculous lymphadenitis involves ~~controlling the spread~~ of ~~''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''. This can be achieved through early detection and treatment~~ of ~~active tuberculosis~~, and ~~vaccination with the~~ [[~~BCG vaccine~~]] in ~~areas where tuberculosis is common~~.		The treatment of tuberculous lymphadenitis involves a course of [[antitubercular therapy]] (ATT), which typically includes a combination of drugs such as [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[ethambutol]], and [[pyrazinamide]]. The duration of treatment is usually six months, but it may be extended in certain cases.

	== ~~See~~ also ==		==Prognosis==
			With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for tuberculous lymphadenitis is generally good. However, untreated or inadequately treated cases can lead to complications such as the formation of abscesses or sinus tracts.

			==Epidemiology==
			Tuberculous lymphadenitis is more prevalent in regions with high rates of tuberculosis, such as parts of [[Africa]], [[Asia]], and [[Latin America]]. It is also more common in individuals with [[HIV/AIDS]] due to their compromised immune systems.

			==Related pages==
	* [[Tuberculosis]]		* [[Tuberculosis]]
	* [[~~Lymphadenitis~~]]		* [[Extrapulmonary tuberculosis]]
	* [[~~Mycobacterium tuberculosis~~]]		* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
	* [[BCG vaccine]]
			==References==
			{{Reflist}}

	[[Category:Tuberculosis]]		[[Category:Tuberculosis]]
			[[Category:Lymphatic system disorders]]
	[[Category:Infectious diseases]]		[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
	~~[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]~~

	~~{{stub}}~~		[[File:Tubercular adinitis with sinus.JPG\|thumb\|Tubercular adenitis with sinus]]

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2024-02-25T19:16:40Z

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'''Tuberculous lymphadenitis''' is a form of [[tuberculosis]] that affects the [[lymph nodes]]. It is also known as '''tuberculous adenitis''' or '''scrofula'''.

== Causes ==
Tuberculous lymphadenitis is caused by the bacterium ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]''. This bacterium is spread through the air when a person with active tuberculosis of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, or talks.

== Symptoms ==
The most common symptom of tuberculous lymphadenitis is a painless swelling in the neck, armpit, or groin. Other symptoms may include fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue.

== Diagnosis ==
Diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests. These tests may include a [[tuberculin skin test]], blood tests, imaging studies such as a [[chest X-ray]] or [[CT scan]], and a biopsy of the affected lymph node.

== Treatment ==
Treatment for tuberculous lymphadenitis usually involves a course of [[antibiotic]] therapy for at least six months. The most commonly used antibiotics are [[isoniazid]], [[rifampin]], [[pyrazinamide]], and [[ethambutol]]. In some cases, surgery may be required to remove the affected lymph node.

== Prevention ==
Prevention of tuberculous lymphadenitis involves controlling the spread of ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis''. This can be achieved through early detection and treatment of active tuberculosis, and vaccination with the [[BCG vaccine]] in areas where tuberculosis is common.

== See also ==
* [[Tuberculosis]]
* [[Lymphadenitis]]
* [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
* [[BCG vaccine]]

[[Category:Tuberculosis]]
[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]

{{stub}}