Trisomy - Revision history

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2025-04-12T18:32:53Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 18:32, 12 April 2025
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	\| frequency = Varies; for example, [[Down syndrome]] (Trisomy 21) occurs in approximately 1 in 700 births		\| frequency = Varies; for example, [[Down syndrome]] (Trisomy 21) occurs in approximately 1 in 700 births
	}}		}}
			= Trisomy =
	'''Trisomy''' refers to a chromosomal condition characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome in the cells of an organism, resulting in a total of three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two. This genetic anomaly can lead to various developmental and health issues, depending on which chromosome is affected. Trisomy conditions are a type of aneuploidy, a term that refers to an abnormal number of chromosomes.		'''Trisomy''' refers to a chromosomal condition characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome in the cells of an organism, resulting in a total of three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two. This genetic anomaly can lead to various developmental and health issues, depending on which chromosome is affected. Trisomy conditions are a type of aneuploidy, a term that refers to an abnormal number of chromosomes.
	[[File:Trisomy Awareness Ribbon.png\|left\|thumb\|Karyotype showing Trisomy 21, also known as Down Syndrome.]]		[[File:Trisomy Awareness Ribbon.png\|left\|thumb\|Karyotype showing Trisomy 21, also known as Down Syndrome.]]

Prab: CSV import

2025-04-08T19:42:21Z

CSV import

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:42, 8 April 2025
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	= Trisomy =		{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Trisomy
			\| image = [[File:Trisomy_Detection_in_GeneMarker.jpg\|250px]]
			\| caption = Detection of trisomy using genetic markers
			\| field = [[Medical genetics]]
			\| symptoms = Varies depending on the specific chromosome affected; common symptoms include developmental delays, intellectual disability, and physical abnormalities
			\| complications = Heart defects, respiratory issues, increased risk of certain cancers
			\| onset = Congenital
			\| duration = Lifelong
			\| causes = [[Nondisjunction]] during [[meiosis]]
			\| risks = Advanced maternal age, family history of chromosomal abnormalities
			\| diagnosis = [[Karyotype]] analysis, [[prenatal screening]]
			\| differential = [[Monosomy]], other chromosomal abnormalities
			\| prevention = Genetic counseling, prenatal testing
			\| treatment = Symptomatic and supportive care
			\| prognosis = Varies widely depending on the specific type of trisomy
			\| frequency = Varies; for example, [[Down syndrome]] (Trisomy 21) occurs in approximately 1 in 700 births
			}}
	'''Trisomy''' refers to a chromosomal condition characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome in the cells of an organism, resulting in a total of three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two. This genetic anomaly can lead to various developmental and health issues, depending on which chromosome is affected. Trisomy conditions are a type of aneuploidy, a term that refers to an abnormal number of chromosomes.		'''Trisomy''' refers to a chromosomal condition characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome in the cells of an organism, resulting in a total of three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two. This genetic anomaly can lead to various developmental and health issues, depending on which chromosome is affected. Trisomy conditions are a type of aneuploidy, a term that refers to an abnormal number of chromosomes.
			[[File:Trisomy Awareness Ribbon.png\|left\|thumb\|Karyotype showing Trisomy 21, also known as Down Syndrome.]]
	[[File:Trisomy Awareness Ribbon.png\|thumb~~\|right~~\|Karyotype showing Trisomy 21, also known as Down Syndrome.]]

	== Causes ==		== Causes ==
	Trisomy is most often caused by nondisjunction, an error in cell division where chromosomes fail to separate properly. This error can occur during meiosis, the process of forming egg or sperm cells, leading to reproductive cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes.		Trisomy is most often caused by nondisjunction, an error in cell division where chromosomes fail to separate properly. This error can occur during meiosis, the process of forming egg or sperm cells, leading to reproductive cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

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	title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''		title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''
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	&rel=1		&rel=1
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	height=600		height=600
	</youtube>		</youtube>

	== Common Types of Trisomy ==		== Common Types of Trisomy ==
	* '''Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome):''' The most well-known trisomy, characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21. It is associated with intellectual disability, distinct facial features, and a higher risk of certain medical conditions.		* '''Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome):''' The most well-known trisomy, characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21. It is associated with intellectual disability, distinct facial features, and a higher risk of certain medical conditions.
	* '''Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome):''' Marked by severe developmental delays and physical abnormalities. Many affected pregnancies result in miscarriage or stillbirth.		* '''Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome):''' Marked by severe developmental delays and physical abnormalities. Many affected pregnancies result in miscarriage or stillbirth.
	* '''Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome):''' Associated with severe intellectual disability and physical malformations. Many affected individuals do not survive beyond infancy.		* '''Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome):''' Associated with severe intellectual disability and physical malformations. Many affected individuals do not survive beyond infancy.

	== Symptoms and Effects ==		== Symptoms and Effects ==
	Symptoms can vary widely depending on the specific trisomy but may include:		Symptoms can vary widely depending on the specific trisomy but may include:
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	* Growth retardation		* Growth retardation
	* Increased risk of certain health conditions		* Increased risk of certain health conditions

	== Diagnosis ==		== Diagnosis ==
	Diagnosis of trisomy conditions can occur before birth through prenatal screening and diagnostic tests such as:		Diagnosis of trisomy conditions can occur before birth through prenatal screening and diagnostic tests such as:
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	* '''Blood tests:''' Measure markers that may indicate a trisomy.		* '''Blood tests:''' Measure markers that may indicate a trisomy.
	* '''Amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS):''' Invasive tests that analyze the chromosomes in fetal cells.		* '''Amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS):''' Invasive tests that analyze the chromosomes in fetal cells.
			After birth, diagnosis can be confirmed through a karyotype analysis, which examines the number and appearance of an individual‚Äôs chromosomes.
	After birth, diagnosis can be confirmed through a karyotype analysis, which examines the number and appearance of an ~~individual’s~~ chromosomes.

	== Treatment and Management ==		== Treatment and Management ==
	There is no cure for trisomy conditions, but early intervention and supportive therapies can improve outcomes. Management may include:		There is no cure for trisomy conditions, but early intervention and supportive therapies can improve outcomes. Management may include:
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	* Physical, occupational, and speech therapies		* Physical, occupational, and speech therapies
	* Regular health screenings and medical care to manage associated conditions		* Regular health screenings and medical care to manage associated conditions

	== See Also ==		== See Also ==
	* [[Genetic disorder]]		* [[Genetic disorder]]
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	* [[Prenatal testing]]		* [[Prenatal testing]]
	* [[Special education]]		* [[Special education]]

	== References ==		== References ==
	* National Human Genome Research Institute. "Facts About Trisomy Conditions."		* National Human Genome Research Institute. "Facts About Trisomy Conditions."
	* March of Dimes. "Chromosomal Conditions."		* March of Dimes. "Chromosomal Conditions."

	== External Links ==		== External Links ==
	* [https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/down-syndrome Genetics Home Reference: Down Syndrome]		* [https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/down-syndrome Genetics Home Reference: Down Syndrome]
	* [https://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/chromosomal-conditions.aspx March of Dimes: Chromosomal Conditions]		* [https://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/chromosomal-conditions.aspx March of Dimes: Chromosomal Conditions]

	[[Category:Genetics]]		[[Category:Genetics]]
	[[Category:Chromosomal abnormalities]]		[[Category:Chromosomal abnormalities]]
	[[Category:Pediatrics]]		[[Category:Pediatrics]]

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Prab: Reverted edits by Prab (talk) to last revision by Kondreddy Naveen

2024-03-05T19:43:17Z

Reverted edits by Prab (talk) to last revision by Kondreddy Naveen

New page

= Trisomy =

'''Trisomy''' refers to a chromosomal condition characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome in the cells of an organism, resulting in a total of three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two. This genetic anomaly can lead to various developmental and health issues, depending on which chromosome is affected. Trisomy conditions are a type of aneuploidy, a term that refers to an abnormal number of chromosomes.

[[File:Trisomy Awareness Ribbon.png|thumb|right|Karyotype showing Trisomy 21, also known as Down Syndrome.]]

== Causes ==
Trisomy is most often caused by nondisjunction, an error in cell division where chromosomes fail to separate properly. This error can occur during meiosis, the process of forming egg or sperm cells, leading to reproductive cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

<youtube>
title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''
movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/y9ayHVi_MQ0
&rel=1
embed_source_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/y9ayHVi_MQ0
&rel=1
wrap = yes
width=750
height=600
</youtube>

== Common Types of Trisomy ==
* '''Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome):''' The most well-known trisomy, characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21. It is associated with intellectual disability, distinct facial features, and a higher risk of certain medical conditions.
* '''Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome):''' Marked by severe developmental delays and physical abnormalities. Many affected pregnancies result in miscarriage or stillbirth.
* '''Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome):''' Associated with severe intellectual disability and physical malformations. Many affected individuals do not survive beyond infancy.

== Symptoms and Effects ==
Symptoms can vary widely depending on the specific trisomy but may include:
* Developmental delays and intellectual disability
* Physical abnormalities such as heart defects, kidney problems, and distinct facial features
* Growth retardation
* Increased risk of certain health conditions

== Diagnosis ==
Diagnosis of trisomy conditions can occur before birth through prenatal screening and diagnostic tests such as:
* '''Ultrasound scans:''' Can detect physical abnormalities associated with trisomies.
* '''Blood tests:''' Measure markers that may indicate a trisomy.
* '''Amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS):''' Invasive tests that analyze the chromosomes in fetal cells.

After birth, diagnosis can be confirmed through a karyotype analysis, which examines the number and appearance of an individual’s chromosomes.

== Treatment and Management ==
There is no cure for trisomy conditions, but early intervention and supportive therapies can improve outcomes. Management may include:
* Specialized educational programs
* Physical, occupational, and speech therapies
* Regular health screenings and medical care to manage associated conditions

== See Also ==
* [[Genetic disorder]]
* [[Chromosome]]
* [[Prenatal testing]]
* [[Special education]]

== References ==
* National Human Genome Research Institute. "Facts About Trisomy Conditions."
* March of Dimes. "Chromosomal Conditions."

== External Links ==
* [https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/down-syndrome Genetics Home Reference: Down Syndrome]
* [https://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/chromosomal-conditions.aspx March of Dimes: Chromosomal Conditions]

[[Category:Genetics]]
[[Category:Chromosomal abnormalities]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]

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