Transcriptome - Revision history

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	== Transcriptome ==		== Transcriptome ==

	The '''transcriptome''' is the complete set of [[RNA]] transcripts produced by the [[genome]] at any one time. ~~The term can refer to the total set of transcripts in a given organism~~, ~~or to the specific subset of transcripts present in a particular cell type or under specific conditions~~. The study of the transcriptome, known as [[transcriptomics]], ~~involves the examination of the~~ expression ~~levels of mRNA, the identification of novel transcripts,~~ and ~~the characterization of alternative splicing events~~.		The '''transcriptome''' is the complete set of [[RNA]] transcripts produced by the [[genome]] at any one time. It includes all [[messenger RNA]] (mRNA), [[ribosomal RNA]] (rRNA), [[transfer RNA]] (tRNA), and other non-coding RNA. The study of the transcriptome, known as [[transcriptomics]], provides insights into gene expression and regulation.

			[[File:Affymetrix-microarray.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Affymetrix microarray chip used for transcriptome analysis]]

	== Overview ==		== Overview ==

	The transcriptome reflects the genes that are being ~~actively~~ expressed at any given time, ~~providing insights into~~ the ~~functional elements of the genome~~ and ~~the molecular constituents of cells and tissues~~. Unlike the genome, which is relatively static, the transcriptome is dynamic and can change in response to various ~~factors such as developmental stage, environmental conditions, and disease states~~.		The transcriptome reflects the genes that are actively being expressed at any given time, which can vary depending on the cell type, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. Unlike the [[genome]], which is relatively static, the transcriptome is dynamic and can change in response to various stimuli.

	== Methods of Analysis ==		== Methods of Analysis ==

			Transcriptome analysis can be performed using several techniques, including:

	=== Microarrays ===		=== Microarrays ===

	[[~~File:Affymetrix-microarray.jpg\|thumb\|right\|~~Affymetrix microarray chip]]		Microarrays, such as the [[Affymetrix]] microarray chip, are used to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously. They consist of a grid of DNA probes that hybridize with complementary RNA sequences, allowing for the quantification of gene expression.

	~~Microarrays~~ are ~~a common method for analyzing~~ the ~~transcriptome~~. They ~~involve hybridizing cDNA to~~ a grid of DNA probes ~~on a chip~~, allowing for the ~~simultaneous measurement~~ of ~~the expression levels of thousands of genes. Microarrays have been widely used for~~ gene expression ~~profiling, but they have limitations in terms of sensitivity and the ability to detect novel transcripts~~.

	=== RNA-Seq ===		=== RNA-Seq ===

	[[RNA sequencing]] (RNA-Seq) is a more recent technology that uses [[next-generation sequencing]] to provide a more comprehensive view of the transcriptome. RNA-Seq can detect ~~both known and~~ novel transcripts, ~~quantify expression levels, and identify~~ alternative splicing events~~. It has largely supplanted microarrays in many areas of transcriptomics research due to its greater sensitivity~~ and ~~dynamic range~~.		[[RNA sequencing]] (RNA-Seq) is a more recent technology that uses [[next-generation sequencing]] to provide a more comprehensive view of the transcriptome. RNA-Seq can detect novel transcripts, alternative splicing events, and post-transcriptional modifications.

	== Applications ==		== Applications ==

	Transcriptomics has a wide range of applications in [[~~biological~~ research]] and [[~~medicine~~]]. It can ~~be used to study gene expression patterns~~ in ~~different tissues~~, ~~understand~~ the ~~molecular basis~~ of ~~diseases,~~ and ~~identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Transcriptomics is also used in [[metabolomics]] to~~ understand ~~the relationship between~~ gene ~~expression and metabolic pathways~~.		Transcriptomics has a wide range of applications in [[biomedical research]], including:

			* '''Disease Research''': Understanding the transcriptome of diseased versus healthy tissues can reveal insights into the molecular basis of diseases such as [[cancer]], [[diabetes]], and [[neurodegenerative disorders]].
			* '''Drug Development''': Transcriptome analysis can identify potential drug targets and help in the assessment of drug efficacy and toxicity.
			* '''Functional Genomics''': By studying the transcriptome, researchers can infer the function of unknown genes and understand gene regulatory networks.

	[[File:Metabolomics_schema.png\|thumb\|right\|Diagram showing the relationship between transcriptomics and metabolomics]]		[[File:Metabolomics_schema.png\|thumb\|right\|Diagram showing the relationship between transcriptomics and metabolomics]]

			== Relationship with Other 'Omics' ==

			Transcriptomics is closely related to other fields such as [[genomics]], [[proteomics]], and [[metabolomics]]. While genomics provides information about the genetic blueprint, transcriptomics reveals which genes are actively being expressed. Proteomics studies the protein products of gene expression, and metabolomics examines the metabolic processes within cells.

			== Challenges ==

			Analyzing the transcriptome presents several challenges, including:

			* '''Complexity''': The transcriptome is highly complex, with a wide range of RNA species and expression levels.
			* '''Data Analysis''': The large volume of data generated by transcriptome studies requires sophisticated computational tools for analysis and interpretation.

	== Related Pages ==		== Related Pages ==
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	* [[Metabolomics]]		* [[Metabolomics]]
	* [[Gene expression]]		* [[Gene expression]]
			* [[RNA sequencing]]
	~~== References ==~~

	~~{{Reflist}}~~

	[[Category:Transcriptomics]]		[[Category:Transcriptomics]]
	[[Category:Genomics]]		[[Category:Genomics]]

	~~= Transcriptome =~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Affymetrix-microarray.jpg~~
	~~File:Metabolomics_schema.png~~
	~~</gallery>~~
	~~==Transcriptome==~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Affymetrix-microarray.jpg\|Affymetrix Microarray~~
	~~File:Metabolomics_schema.png\|Metabolomics Schema~~
	~~</gallery>~~

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	File:Affymetrix-microarray.jpg		File:Affymetrix-microarray.jpg
	File:Metabolomics_schema.png		File:Metabolomics_schema.png
			</gallery>
			==Transcriptome==
			<gallery>
			File:Affymetrix-microarray.jpg\|Affymetrix Microarray
			File:Metabolomics_schema.png\|Metabolomics Schema
	</gallery>		</gallery>

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	[[Category:Transcriptomics]]		[[Category:Transcriptomics]]
	[[Category:Genomics]]		[[Category:Genomics]]

			= Transcriptome =
			<gallery>
			File:Affymetrix-microarray.jpg
			File:Metabolomics_schema.png
			</gallery>

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	'''~~Transcriptome~~''' ~~refers to~~ the complete set of [[RNA]] ~~molecules, including [[mRNA]], [[rRNA]], [[tRNA]], and other non-coding RNA~~ produced by the [[genome]] ~~under specific circumstances or in a specific cell using the process of [[transcription]]~~. The term ~~"transcriptome"~~ can ~~also be used~~ to ~~describe~~ the ~~array~~ of ~~all [[mRNA]] molecules~~, or "transcripts~~", produced~~ in ~~one~~ or ~~a population of cells~~. The transcriptome of ~~a cell is dynamic~~, ~~changing in response to environmental conditions or other external stimuli~~.		== Transcriptome ==

			The '''transcriptome''' is the complete set of [[RNA]] transcripts produced by the [[genome]] at any one time. The term can refer to the total set of transcripts in a given organism, or to the specific subset of transcripts present in a particular cell type or under specific conditions. The study of the transcriptome, known as [[transcriptomics]], involves the examination of the expression levels of mRNA, the identification of novel transcripts, and the characterization of alternative splicing events.

	== Overview ==		== Overview ==

	The transcriptome ~~can be seen as a subset of~~ the ~~[[proteome]],~~ that is, the ~~entire set~~ of ~~proteins expressed by a~~ genome. ~~However~~, ~~not all transcripts are translated into proteins. Non-coding RNAs have roles~~ in ~~regulating gene expression~~, and ~~some are not translated into protein~~. ~~The study~~ of ~~transcriptomics, also known as~~ [[~~transcriptomics]], involves the exploration of the transcriptome, often using high~~-~~throughput techniques such as~~ microarray ~~analysis~~.		The transcriptome reflects the genes that are being actively expressed at any given time, providing insights into the functional elements of the genome and the molecular constituents of cells and tissues. Unlike the genome, which is relatively static, the transcriptome is dynamic and can change in response to various factors such as developmental stage, environmental conditions, and disease states.

			== Methods of Analysis ==

			=== Microarrays ===

			[[File:Affymetrix-microarray.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Affymetrix microarray chip]]

	~~== Transcriptomics ==~~		Microarrays are a common method for analyzing the transcriptome. They involve hybridizing cDNA to a grid of DNA probes on a chip, allowing for the simultaneous measurement of the expression levels of thousands of genes. Microarrays have been widely used for gene expression profiling, but they have limitations in terms of sensitivity and the ability to detect novel transcripts.

	~~Transcriptomics technologies are the techniques used to study an organism’s transcriptome, the sum of all of its~~ RNA transcripts. The information content of an organism is recorded in the DNA of its genome and expressed through transcription. Here, mRNA serves as a transient intermediary molecule in the information network, whilst non-~~coding RNAs perform additional diverse functions. A transcriptome captures a snapshot in time of the total transcripts present in a cell.~~		=== RNA-Seq ===

	~~== See also ==~~		[[RNA sequencing]] (RNA-Seq) is a more recent technology that uses [[next-generation sequencing]] to provide a more comprehensive view of the transcriptome. RNA-Seq can detect both known and novel transcripts, quantify expression levels, and identify alternative splicing events. It has largely supplanted microarrays in many areas of transcriptomics research due to its greater sensitivity and dynamic range.

	* [[~~Genome~~]]		== Applications ==
	* [[~~Proteome~~]]
	* [[~~Metabolome~~]]		Transcriptomics has a wide range of applications in [[biological research]] and [[medicine]]. It can be used to study gene expression patterns in different tissues, understand the molecular basis of diseases, and identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Transcriptomics is also used in [[metabolomics]] to understand the relationship between gene expression and metabolic pathways.
	* [[~~Interactome~~]]
			[[File:Metabolomics_schema.png\|thumb\|right\|Diagram showing the relationship between transcriptomics and metabolomics]]

			== Related Pages ==

			* [[Genomics]]
			* [[Proteomics]]
			* [[Metabolomics]]
			* [[Gene expression]]

	== References ==		== References ==

	~~<references />~~		{{Reflist}}

			[[Category:Transcriptomics]]
	[[Category:Genomics]]		[[Category:Genomics]]
	~~[[Category:Transcriptomics]]~~
	~~[[Category:RNA]]~~
	~~[[Category:Bioinformatics]]~~

	~~{{stub}}~~

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New page

'''Transcriptome''' refers to the complete set of [[RNA]] molecules, including [[mRNA]], [[rRNA]], [[tRNA]], and other non-coding RNA produced by the [[genome]] under specific circumstances or in a specific cell using the process of [[transcription]]. The term "transcriptome" can also be used to describe the array of all [[mRNA]] molecules, or "transcripts", produced in one or a population of cells. The transcriptome of a cell is dynamic, changing in response to environmental conditions or other external stimuli.

== Overview ==

The transcriptome can be seen as a subset of the [[proteome]], that is, the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome. However, not all transcripts are translated into proteins. Non-coding RNAs have roles in regulating gene expression, and some are not translated into protein. The study of transcriptomics, also known as [[transcriptomics]], involves the exploration of the transcriptome, often using high-throughput techniques such as microarray analysis.

== Transcriptomics ==

Transcriptomics technologies are the techniques used to study an organism’s transcriptome, the sum of all of its RNA transcripts. The information content of an organism is recorded in the DNA of its genome and expressed through transcription. Here, mRNA serves as a transient intermediary molecule in the information network, whilst non-coding RNAs perform additional diverse functions. A transcriptome captures a snapshot in time of the total transcripts present in a cell.

== See also ==

* [[Genome]]
* [[Proteome]]
* [[Metabolome]]
* [[Interactome]]

== References ==

<references />

[[Category:Genomics]]
[[Category:Transcriptomics]]
[[Category:RNA]]
[[Category:Bioinformatics]]

{{stub}}