https://wikimd.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Toxic_multinodular_goitreToxic multinodular goitre - Revision history2026-04-27T04:28:30ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.44.2https://wikimd.org/index.php?title=Toxic_multinodular_goitre&diff=5798948&oldid=prevPrab: CSV import2024-05-19T19:45:55Z<p>CSV import</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[file:Causes_of_hyperthyroidism.png|thumb|left]] [[file:Histopathology_of_diffuse_thyroid_hyperplasia_with_variably_sized_follicles.jpg|thumb|left]] [[file:Histopathology_of_thyroid_hyperplasia_with_a_nodule.jpg|thumb|right]] [[file:Diffuse_Thyroid_Hyperplasia_(3334012426).jpg|thumb|right]] [[file:Histopathology_of_thyroid_hyperplasia_with_flattened_epithelium.jpg|thumb|right]] {{Short description|Thyroid condition characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland with multiple nodules}}<br />
{{Infobox medical condition (new)<br />
| name = Toxic multinodular goitre<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| field = [[Endocrinology]]<br />
| synonyms = Plummer's disease<br />
| symptoms = [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[goitre]], [[weight loss]], [[tremors]], [[palpitations]]<br />
| complications = [[Thyroid storm]], [[atrial fibrillation]], [[osteoporosis]]<br />
| onset = <br />
| duration = <br />
| causes = [[Iodine deficiency]], [[genetic factors]]<br />
| risks = <br />
| diagnosis = [[Thyroid function tests]], [[ultrasound]], [[radioactive iodine uptake test]]<br />
| differential = [[Graves' disease]], [[thyroiditis]]<br />
| treatment = [[Antithyroid medication]], [[radioactive iodine therapy]], [[thyroidectomy]]<br />
| medication = [[Methimazole]], [[propylthiouracil]]<br />
| prognosis = <br />
| frequency = <br />
| deaths = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Toxic multinodular goitre''' (TMNG), also known as '''Plummer's disease''', is a condition characterized by an enlarged [[thyroid gland]] with multiple nodules that produce excess [[thyroid hormone]], leading to [[hyperthyroidism]]. This condition is more common in older adults and in regions with [[iodine deficiency]].<br />
<br />
==Signs and symptoms==<br />
The symptoms of toxic multinodular goitre are primarily those of [[hyperthyroidism]] and may include:<br />
* [[Weight loss]]<br />
* [[Tremors]]<br />
* [[Palpitations]]<br />
* [[Heat intolerance]]<br />
* [[Increased appetite]]<br />
* [[Nervousness]]<br />
* [[Goitre]] (enlarged thyroid gland)<br />
<br />
==Complications==<br />
If left untreated, toxic multinodular goitre can lead to serious complications such as:<br />
* [[Thyroid storm]] – a life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism<br />
* [[Atrial fibrillation]] – an irregular and often rapid heart rate<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]] – weakened bones due to excessive thyroid hormone<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
The exact cause of toxic multinodular goitre is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to:<br />
* [[Iodine deficiency]]<br />
* [[Genetic factors]]<br />
<br />
==Diagnosis==<br />
Diagnosis of toxic multinodular goitre typically involves:<br />
* [[Thyroid function tests]] – to measure levels of thyroid hormones and [[thyroid-stimulating hormone]] (TSH)<br />
* [[Ultrasound]] – to visualize the thyroid gland and detect nodules<br />
* [[Radioactive iodine uptake test]] – to assess the function of the thyroid nodules<br />
<br />
==Differential diagnosis==<br />
Conditions that may present similarly and need to be differentiated from toxic multinodular goitre include:<br />
* [[Graves' disease]]<br />
* [[Thyroiditis]]<br />
<br />
==Treatment==<br />
Treatment options for toxic multinodular goitre include:<br />
* [[Antithyroid medication]] – such as [[methimazole]] or [[propylthiouracil]]<br />
* [[Radioactive iodine therapy]] – to reduce the activity of the thyroid gland<br />
* [[Thyroidectomy]] – surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid gland<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Hyperthyroidism]]<br />
* [[Goitre]]<br />
* [[Thyroid function tests]]<br />
* [[Thyroidectomy]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Endocrinology}}<br />
{{medicine-stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Thyroid disease]]<br />
[[Category:Endocrinology]]<br />
[[Category:Medical conditions related to hyperthyroidism]]</div>Prab