Thought - Revision history

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	~~'''~~Thought''' is the operation of the brain in [[conscious]] activity. It may or may not be goal-directed, aimed at solving specific problems. It is not the only way brains operate. Behaviour may occur as a result of [[instinct]], and the [[adaptive unconscious]] may solve problems without a person being aware.		Thought

	~~Other animals can use their brains to solve problems, but there is no way of telling whether they do so consciously~~. ~~Thought is investigated~~ by ~~four or five academic disciplines~~, ~~each in its own way~~. ~~The disciplines include [[psychology]], [[philosophy]], [[biology]], [[physiology]], [[psychoanalysis]] and [[sociology~~]].		[[File:Jardin_du_Musee_Rodin_Paris_Le_Penseur_20050402_(02).jpg\|thumb\|right\|200px\|''Le Penseur'' by Auguste Rodin, a famous representation of thought.]]

	~~== Philosophy ==~~		'''Thought''' encompasses a wide range of mental activities and processes, including [[cognition]], [[consciousness]], [[perception]], [[reasoning]], and [[imagination]]. It is a fundamental aspect of human [[psychology]] and is central to the way individuals interpret and interact with the world.
	[[~~Philosophy of mind~~]] ~~is a branch of~~ [[~~philosophy~~]] ~~that studies the nature of the~~ [[~~mind~~]], ~~mental events, functions, properties~~, and [[~~consciousness~~]]. ~~The mind-body problem, i.e. the relationship~~ of ~~the mind~~ to the ~~body, especially~~ the ~~brain, is a central issue in philosophy of mind~~.~~<ref name = "Kim1"/>~~

	==~~= The mind-body problem =~~==		==Nature of Thought==
	~~The~~ mind~~-body problem has to do with~~ the ~~explanation~~ of ~~the relationship~~ that ~~exists between~~ [[~~mind~~]]s, ~~or mental processes~~, and ~~bodily states or processes~~.~~<ref name="Kim1">{{cite book\| last = Kim J. 1995. ''Problems in~~ the ~~Philosophy~~ of ~~Mind''\| editor = In Honderich~~, ~~Ted\| title = Oxford Companion to Philosophy \| publisher = Oxford University Press}}</ref> The main aim of philosophers working in this area is to determine~~ the ~~nature~~ of ~~the mind and mental states/processes~~, and ~~how—or even if—minds are affected by~~ and ~~can affect the body~~.		Thought is often considered to be a product of the [[mind]], which is the set of cognitive faculties that enables [[consciousness]], [[perception]], [[thinking]], [[judgment]], and [[memory]]. It is a complex process that involves the manipulation of information, the formation of concepts, and the ability to reason and solve problems.

	Our perceptual experiences depend on [[stimulus\|stimuli]] which arrive at our various [[Sensory system\|sensory organs]] from the external world and these stimuli cause changes in our mental states, ultimately causing us to feel a sensation, which may be pleasant or unpleasant. Someone's desire for a hat, for example, will tend to cause that person to move his or her body in a specific manner and in a specific direction to obtain what he or she wants. The question, then, is how it can be possible for conscious experiences to arise out of a lump of gray matter endowed with nothing but electrochemical properties. A related problem is to explain how someone's beliefs and desires can cause that individual's [[neuron]]s to fire and his muscles to contract in exactly the correct manner. These comprise some of the puzzles that have confronted [[Epistemology\|epistemologists]] and philosophers of mind from at least the time of [[René Descartes]].<ref>Kim, Jaegwon 2009. ''Companion to Metaphysics''. 2nd ed, Wiley-Blackwell. {{ISBN\|1-4051-5298-2}}; {{ISBN\|9781405152983}}</ref>		==Types of Thought==

	== ~~Further reading~~ ==		===Convergent and Divergent Thinking===
	* Eric Baum 2004. ''What is thought?'' Chapter 2: The mind is a ~~computer program. MIT Press. {{ISBN\|0-262-02548-5}}~~		Convergent thinking is the process of finding a single best solution to a problem, often emphasized in [[standardized testing]] and [[logical reasoning]]. Divergent thinking, on the other hand, involves generating multiple solutions to a problem and is associated with [[creativity]] and [[innovation]].
	* {{cite web\|url=http://www.~~americanscientist.org/template/CreateToken?type=PDF&assetid=55246 \|title= The uniqueness of human recursive~~ thinking ~~\|accessdate=2007-04-23 \|last=Corballis \|first=Michael C~~. ~~\|format=PDF \|work=American Scientist (May-June 2007) }}~~

	== ~~References~~ ==		===Concrete and Abstract Thought===
	~~{{reflist}}~~		Concrete thought involves thinking about objects and events that are directly experienced, while abstract thought involves thinking about concepts that are not directly tied to physical objects or experiences. Abstract thought is crucial for [[mathematics]], [[philosophy]], and [[theoretical science]].

	[[~~Category:Thought\|~~ ]]		==Processes Involved in Thought==
	[[~~Category:Physiology~~]]
	[[~~Category:Philosophy~~]]		===Perception===
	~~<gallery>~~		[[Perception]] is the process by which individuals interpret sensory information to form a coherent picture of the world. It is the first step in the thought process, as it provides the raw data that the mind processes.
	File:~~Jardin_du_Musee_Rodin_Paris_Le_Penseur_20050402_(02)~~.jpg\|~~The Thinker sculpture~~ in the ~~garden~~ of the ~~Rodin Museum~~, ~~Paris~~
	~~File~~:~~Thinking_.jpg\|Thought~~		===Memory===
	~~</gallery>~~		[[Memory]] is the faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information. It plays a crucial role in thought, as it allows individuals to recall past experiences and use them to inform current thinking and decision-making.

			===Reasoning===
			[[Reasoning]] is the process of drawing conclusions from premises or evidence. It is a key component of thought, enabling individuals to make decisions, solve problems, and understand complex concepts.

			===Imagination===
			[[Imagination]] is the ability to form new ideas, images, or concepts not present to the senses. It is a vital aspect of thought, allowing individuals to explore possibilities and create new ideas.

			==Thought in Philosophy==
			[[File:Thinking২.jpg\|thumb\|left\|200px\|A depiction of a person engaged in deep thought.]]
			In [[philosophy]], thought is often examined in terms of its relationship to [[reality]], [[knowledge]], and [[existence]]. Philosophers such as [[René Descartes]] have famously explored the nature of thought, with Descartes' assertion "Cogito, ergo sum" ("I think, therefore I am") highlighting the fundamental role of thought in human existence.

			==Thought in Psychology==
			In [[psychology]], thought is studied as a cognitive process that involves the manipulation of information. Psychologists examine how thoughts are formed, how they influence behavior, and how they can be changed through various therapeutic techniques.

			==Related Pages==
			* [[Cognition]]
			* [[Consciousness]]
			* [[Perception]]
			* [[Reasoning]]
			* [[Imagination]]
			* [[Philosophy of mind]]

			{{Portal\|Psychology}}

			[[Category:Psychology]]
			[[Category:Philosophy of mind]]

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	[[Category:Physiology]]		[[Category:Physiology]]
	[[Category:Philosophy]]		[[Category:Philosophy]]
			<gallery>
			File:Jardin_du_Musee_Rodin_Paris_Le_Penseur_20050402_(02).jpg\|The Thinker sculpture in the garden of the Rodin Museum, Paris
			File:Thinking_.jpg\|Thought
			</gallery>

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2019-10-01T14:29:20Z

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'''Thought''' is the operation of the brain in [[conscious]] activity. It may or may not be goal-directed, aimed at solving specific problems. It is not the only way brains operate. Behaviour may occur as a result of [[instinct]], and the [[adaptive unconscious]] may solve problems without a person being aware.

Other animals can use their brains to solve problems, but there is no way of telling whether they do so consciously. Thought is investigated by four or five academic disciplines, each in its own way. The disciplines include [[psychology]], [[philosophy]], [[biology]], [[physiology]], [[psychoanalysis]] and [[sociology]].

== Philosophy ==
[[Philosophy of mind]] is a branch of [[philosophy]] that studies the nature of the [[mind]], mental events, functions, properties, and [[consciousness]]. The mind-body problem, i.e. the relationship of the mind to the body, especially the brain, is a central issue in philosophy of mind.<ref name = "Kim1"/>

=== The mind-body problem ===
The mind-body problem has to do with the explanation of the relationship that exists between [[mind]]s, or mental processes, and bodily states or processes.<ref name="Kim1">{{cite book| last = Kim J. 1995. ''Problems in the Philosophy of Mind''| editor = In Honderich, Ted| title = Oxford Companion to Philosophy | publisher = Oxford University Press}}</ref> The main aim of philosophers working in this area is to determine the nature of the mind and mental states/processes, and how—or even if—minds are affected by and can affect the body.

Our perceptual experiences depend on [[stimulus|stimuli]] which arrive at our various [[Sensory system|sensory organs]] from the external world and these stimuli cause changes in our mental states, ultimately causing us to feel a sensation, which may be pleasant or unpleasant. Someone's desire for a hat, for example, will tend to cause that person to move his or her body in a specific manner and in a specific direction to obtain what he or she wants. The question, then, is how it can be possible for conscious experiences to arise out of a lump of gray matter endowed with nothing but electrochemical properties. A related problem is to explain how someone's beliefs and desires can cause that individual's [[neuron]]s to fire and his muscles to contract in exactly the correct manner. These comprise some of the puzzles that have confronted [[Epistemology|epistemologists]] and philosophers of mind from at least the time of [[René Descartes]].<ref>Kim, Jaegwon 2009. ''Companion to Metaphysics''. 2nd ed, Wiley-Blackwell. {{ISBN|1-4051-5298-2}}; {{ISBN|9781405152983}}</ref>

== Further reading ==
* Eric Baum 2004. ''What is thought?'' Chapter 2: The mind is a computer program. MIT Press. {{ISBN|0-262-02548-5}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.americanscientist.org/template/CreateToken?type=PDF&assetid=55246 |title= The uniqueness of human recursive thinking |accessdate=2007-04-23 |last=Corballis |first=Michael C. |format=PDF |work=American Scientist (May-June 2007) }}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Thought| ]]
[[Category:Physiology]]
[[Category:Philosophy]]