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Thiouric acid - Revision history
2026-04-27T00:42:07Z
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Prab: CSV import
2025-02-15T11:31:15Z
<p>CSV import</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:31, 15 February 2025</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</del>Thiouric <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">acid''' is a [[chemical compound]] that is a sulfur analog of [[uric acid]]. It is a product of the metabolism of [[thiopurine]] drugs, which are used in the treatment of [[leukemia]] and [[autoimmune diseases]]. Thiouric acid is formed in the body by the action of an enzyme called [[xanthine oxidase]].</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{DISPLAYTITLE:</ins>Thiouric <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Acid}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Chemical Structure and Properties</del>==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Thiouric Acid </ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Thiouric acid <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">has the chemical formula C5H4N4OS. It </del>is a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tautomeric </del>compound, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">meaning it can exist </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">two or more structural forms that are in rapid equilibrium</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The two tautomeric forms </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">thiouric acid are </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">thione form </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the thiol form. The thione form is more stable </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is the form that is usually found </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">solution</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[File:Thiouric_acid_skeletal.svg|thumb|right|Skeletal structure of thiouric acid]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Thiouric acid is a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">chemical </ins>compound <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">that is structurally related to [[uric acid]]</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">with the primary difference being the substitution of a sulfur atom for an oxygen atom </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the molecular structure</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">This compound is </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">interest in </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">field of [[biochemistry]] </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[pharmacology]] due to its potential biological activity </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">its role </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">various biochemical pathways</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Thiouric acid is a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">weak acid</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">with </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pKa value of 5</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">It </del>is <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">soluble in water </del>and in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">polar organic solvents such as [[ethanol]] </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[dimethyl sulfoxide]] (DMSO)</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Chemical Structure ==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Thiouric acid is <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">characterized by the presence of </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">thiocarbonyl group</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which is </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">carbon atom double-bonded to a sulfur atom</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">This modification from the typical carbonyl group found in uric acid results in distinct chemical properties</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The molecular formula of thiouric acid </ins>is <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">C_H_N_OS, </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">it is often depicted </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">skeletal form to highlight the arrangement of atoms </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bonds</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Biological <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Role</del>==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Biological <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Significance </ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the body</del>, thiouric acid <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is </del>formed <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">from </del>the metabolism of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">thiopurine drugs such as </del>[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">azathioprine</del>]] and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[mercaptopurine]]</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">These drugs are used </del>in the treatment of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">leukemia and autoimmune </del>diseases<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. The metabolism of these drugs is complex </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">involves several enzymes, including xanthine oxidase</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">biological systems</ins>, thiouric acid <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">can be </ins>formed <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">as a result of </ins>the metabolism of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">certain </ins>[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">xanthine oxidase</ins>]] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">inhibitors or other sulfur-containing compounds. Its presence </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">concentration in the body can be indicative of specific metabolic processes or disorders</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Understanding the role of thiouric acid </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">these pathways can provide insights into </ins>the treatment of diseases <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">such as [[gout]] </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[hyperuricemia]]</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Thiouric acid <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is excreted in </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">urine</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">High levels </del>of thiouric acid in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the urine can be an indication </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">an overactive xanthine oxidase system</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which can occur </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">certain diseases such as [[gout]] and [[Lesch-Nyhan syndrome]]</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Synthesis and Reactions ==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Thiouric acid <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">can be synthesized through various chemical reactions involving </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">introduction of sulfur into uric acid or its derivatives</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The reactivity </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the thiocarbonyl group allows </ins>thiouric acid <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to participate </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a range </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">chemical reactions</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">making it a useful compound </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">synthetic organic chemistry</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Health Effects</del>==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Applications </ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The health effects of </del>thiouric acid <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">are not well understood</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">It is known that high levels of </del>thiouric acid <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">can cause </del>[[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">crystalluria</del>]]<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, which is the presence of crystals in the urine. This can lead to kidney damage if not treated. There is also some evidence that thiouric acid may have </del>anti-inflammatory <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and immunosuppressive effects, which could potentially be harnessed for therapeutic purposes</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Research into </ins>thiouric acid <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">has explored its potential applications in medicine and pharmacology. Its ability to interact with biological molecules and enzymes makes it a candidate for drug development and therapeutic interventions</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Additionally, </ins>thiouric acid <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">derivatives are studied for their potential use as </ins>[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">antioxidants</ins>]] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and [[</ins>anti-inflammatory<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] agents</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">See Also</del>==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Related Compounds ==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Thiouric acid is part of a broader class of compounds known as [[thiocarbonyl compounds]], which include other sulfur-containing analogs of biologically significant molecules. These compounds are of interest due to their unique chemical properties and potential biological activities.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">== Related Pages </ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Uric acid]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Uric acid]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [[Thiopurine]]</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Xanthine oxidase]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [[Xanthine oxidase]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [[Gout]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [[Hyperuricemia]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [[Thiocarbonyl compound]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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https://wikimd.org/index.php?title=Thiouric_acid&diff=5375918&oldid=prev
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2024-03-08T20:17:17Z
<p>CSV import</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>'''Thiouric acid''' is a [[chemical compound]] that is a sulfur analog of [[uric acid]]. It is a product of the metabolism of [[thiopurine]] drugs, which are used in the treatment of [[leukemia]] and [[autoimmune diseases]]. Thiouric acid is formed in the body by the action of an enzyme called [[xanthine oxidase]].<br />
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==Chemical Structure and Properties==<br />
Thiouric acid has the chemical formula C5H4N4OS. It is a tautomeric compound, meaning it can exist in two or more structural forms that are in rapid equilibrium. The two tautomeric forms of thiouric acid are the thione form and the thiol form. The thione form is more stable and is the form that is usually found in solution.<br />
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Thiouric acid is a weak acid, with a pKa value of 5.5. It is soluble in water and in polar organic solvents such as [[ethanol]] and [[dimethyl sulfoxide]] (DMSO).<br />
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==Biological Role==<br />
In the body, thiouric acid is formed from the metabolism of thiopurine drugs such as [[azathioprine]] and [[mercaptopurine]]. These drugs are used in the treatment of leukemia and autoimmune diseases. The metabolism of these drugs is complex and involves several enzymes, including xanthine oxidase.<br />
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Thiouric acid is excreted in the urine. High levels of thiouric acid in the urine can be an indication of an overactive xanthine oxidase system, which can occur in certain diseases such as [[gout]] and [[Lesch-Nyhan syndrome]].<br />
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==Health Effects==<br />
The health effects of thiouric acid are not well understood. It is known that high levels of thiouric acid can cause [[crystalluria]], which is the presence of crystals in the urine. This can lead to kidney damage if not treated. There is also some evidence that thiouric acid may have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, which could potentially be harnessed for therapeutic purposes.<br />
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==See Also==<br />
* [[Uric acid]]<br />
* [[Thiopurine]]<br />
* [[Xanthine oxidase]]<br />
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==References==<br />
<references /><br />
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[[Category:Chemical compounds]]<br />
[[Category:Biochemistry]]<br />
[[Category:Pharmacology]]<br />
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{{pharmacology-stub}}</div>
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