The Metacarpus - Revision history

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Prab at 03:26, 30 January 2025

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	[[Henry Gray]] (1821–1865). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.		[[Henry Gray]] (1821–1865). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.
			[[File:Metacarpal bones (left hand) - animation01.gif\|Metacarpus of the left hand (shown in red). Animation\|thumb]]
	=='''The Metacarpus'''==		=='''The Metacarpus'''==

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	The '''head''' is less convex than those of the other metacarpal bones, and is broader from side to side than from before backward. On its volar surface are two articular eminences, of which the lateral is the larger, for the two [[sesamoid bones]] in the [[tendons]] of the [[Flexor]] pollicis brevis.		The '''head''' is less convex than those of the other metacarpal bones, and is broader from side to side than from before backward. On its volar surface are two articular eminences, of which the lateral is the larger, for the two [[sesamoid bones]] in the [[tendons]] of the [[Flexor]] pollicis brevis.

	~~<center>http~~:~~//www~~.~~wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image229.gif </center>~~		[[File:Gray229.png\|thumb\|FIG. 229– The first metacarpal. (Left.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')]]

	FIG. 229– The first metacarpal. (Left.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')

	==== Second Metacarpal Bone ====		==== Second Metacarpal Bone ====
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	==== Fourth Metacarpal Bone ====		==== Fourth Metacarpal Bone ====
	'''The Fourth Metacarpal Bone''' (''os metacarpale IV; metacarpal bone of the ring finger'') (Fig. 232) is shorter and smaller than the third. The '''[[base]]''' is small and quadrilateral; its superior surface presents two [[facets]], a large one medially for articulation with the hamate, and a small one laterally for the [[capitate]].		'''The Fourth Metacarpal Bone''' (''os metacarpale IV; metacarpal bone of the ring finger'') (Fig. 232) is shorter and smaller than the third. The '''[[base]]''' is small and quadrilateral; its superior surface presents two [[facets]], a large one medially for articulation with the hamate, and a small one laterally for the [[capitate]].
			[[File:Gray230.png\|thumb\|left\|FIG. 230– The second metacarpal. (Left.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')]]

	On the radial side are two oval facets, for articulation with the third metacarpal; and on the ulnar side a single concave facet, for the fifth metacarpal.		On the radial side are two oval facets, for articulation with the third metacarpal; and on the ulnar side a single concave facet, for the fifth metacarpal.

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	The dorsal surface of the body is divided by an oblique ridge, which extends from near the [[ulnar]] side of the base to the radial side of the head. The lateral part of this surface serves for the attachment of the fourth [[Interosseus dorsalis]]; the medial part is smooth, triangular, and covered by the [[Extensor]] tendons of the little finger.		The dorsal surface of the body is divided by an oblique ridge, which extends from near the [[ulnar]] side of the base to the radial side of the head. The lateral part of this surface serves for the attachment of the fourth [[Interosseus dorsalis]]; the medial part is smooth, triangular, and covered by the [[Extensor]] tendons of the little finger.

	~~<center>http://www.wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image230.gif </center>~~

	~~FIG. 230– The second metacarpal. (Left.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')~~

	~~<center>http://www.wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image231.gif </center>~~

	~~FIG. 231– The third metacarpal. (Left.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')~~

	~~<center>http://www.wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image232.gif </center>~~

	~~FIG. 232– The fourth metacarpal. (Left.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')~~

	~~<center>http://www.wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image233.gif </center>~~

	~~FIG. 233– The fifth metacarpal. (Left.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')~~

	==='''Articulations'''===		==='''Articulations'''===
	Besides their phalangeal articulations, the metacarpal bones articulate as follows: the first with the greater multangular; the second with the greater [[multangular]], lesser multangular, [[capitate]] and third metacarpal; the third with the capitate and second and fourth metacarpals; the fourth with the capitate, [[hamate]], and third and fifth metacarpals; and the fifth with the hamate and fourth metacarpal.		Besides their phalangeal articulations, the metacarpal bones articulate as follows: the first with the greater multangular; the second with the greater [[multangular]], lesser multangular, [[capitate]] and third metacarpal; the third with the capitate and second and fourth metacarpals; the fourth with the capitate, [[hamate]], and third and fifth metacarpals; and the fifth with the hamate and fourth metacarpal.
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	== Additional images ==		== Additional images ==
	<gallery>		<gallery>
	File:~~Metacarpal bones (left hand) - animation01~~.~~gif~~\|~~Metacarpus of the left hand (shown in red)~~. ~~Animation~~.		File:Gray231.png\|The third metacarpal
	File:Medical X-Ray imaging VNH07 nevit.jpg\|X-ray image of right hand with thumb on left.		File:Gray232.png\|The fourth metacarpal
	File:Metacarpal fractures.jpg\|Multiple fractures of the metacarpals (aka broken hand). (Right hand shown with thumb on left.)		File:Gray233.png\|The fifth metacarpal
	File:Medical X-Ray imaging OCU06 nevit.jpg\|X-ray image of human infant left hand.		File:Medical X-Ray imaging VNH07 nevit.jpg\|X-ray image of right hand with thumb on left.
	File:Hand of embryo.jpg\|Micro-radiography of 8 weeks human embryo hand		File:Metacarpal fractures.jpg\|Multiple fractures of the metacarpals (aka broken hand). (Right hand shown with thumb on left.)
	File:Slide1dsds.JPG\|Right hand. Deep dissection. Anterior (palmar) view.		File:Medical X-Ray imaging OCU06 nevit.jpg\|X-ray image of human infant left hand.
	File:Slide1tyty.JPG\|Right hand. Deep dissection. Posterior (dorsal) view.		File:Hand of embryo.jpg\|Micro-radiography of 8 weeks human embryo hand
			File:Slide1dsds.JPG\|Right hand. Deep dissection. Anterior (palmar) view.
			File:Slide1tyty.JPG\|Right hand. Deep dissection. Posterior (dorsal) view.
	</gallery>		</gallery>
	{{grays}}		{{grays}}

Prab at 01:52, 30 August 2023

2023-08-30T01:52:38Z

New page

[[Anatomy]] > [[Gray's Anatomy| Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body]] > II. [Osteology]] > 6b. 2. The Metacarpus

[[Henry Gray]] (1821–1865). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.

=='''The Metacarpus'''==

The '''metacarpus''' consists of five cylindrical bones which are numbered from the lateral side (''ossa metacarpalia ''); each consists of a [[body]] and two [[extremities]].

===Common Characteristics of the Metacarpal Bone.===

The '''Body '''(''corpus; shaft'')

The body is prismoid in form, and curved, so as to be convex in the longitudinal direction behind, concave in front. It presents three surfaces: medial, lateral, and dorsal. The medial and lateral surfaces are concave, for the attachment of the Interossei, and separated from one another by a prominent anterior ridge. The dorsal surface presents in its distal two-thirds a smooth, triangular, flattened area which is covered in the fresh state, by the tendons of the [[Extensor]] muscles. This surface is bounded by two lines, which commence in small tubercles situated on either side of the digital extremity, and, passing upward, converge and meet some distance above the center of the bone and form a ridge which runs along the rest of the dorsal surface to the carpal extremity. This ridge separates two sloping surfaces for the attachment of the Interossei dorsales. To the tubercles on the digital extremities are attached the collateral ligaments of the [[metacarpophalangeal]] joints'''. '''

The '''Base''' or '''[[Carpal Extremity]]''' (''basis'') is of a cuboidal form, and broader behind than in front: it articulates with the carpus, and with the adjoining metacarpal bones; its '''[[dorsal]]''' and '''[[volar surfaces]]''' are rough, for the attachment of ligaments.

The '''Head''' or '''[[Digital Extremity]]''' (''[[capitulum]]'') presents an oblong surface markedly convex from before backward, less so transversely, and flattened from side to side; it articulates with the proximal phalanx. It is broader, and extends farther upward, on the volar than on the dorsal aspect, and is longer in the antero-posterior than in the transverse diameter. On either side of the head is a tubercle for the attachment of the collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint. The '''[[dorsal]] surface''' broad and flat, supports the Extensor tendons; the '''[[volar]] surface''' is grooved in the middle line for the passage of the Flexor tendons, and marked on either side by an articular eminence continuous with the terminal articular surface.

=== '''Characteristics of the Individual Metacarpal Bones''' ===

==== First metacarpal bone ====
The '''First Metacarpal Bone''' (''os metacarpale I; metacarpal bone of the thumb'') (Fig. 229) is shorter and stouter than the others, diverges to a greater degree from the [[carpus]], and its [[volar]] surface is directed toward the palm.
The '''body''' is flattened and broad on its[[dorsal]] surface, and does not present the ridge which is found on the other metacarpal bones; its volar surface is concave from above downward. On its radial border is inserted the Opponens pollicis; its ulnar border gives origin to the lateral head of the first [[Interosseus dorsalis]].
The '''base''' presents a concavo-convex surface, for articulation with the greater multangular; it has no facets on its sides, but on its radial side is a [[tubercle]] for the insertion of the [[Abductor]] pollicis longus.
The '''head''' is less convex than those of the other metacarpal bones, and is broader from side to side than from before backward. On its volar surface are two articular eminences, of which the lateral is the larger, for the two [[sesamoid bones]] in the [[tendons]] of the [[Flexor]] pollicis brevis.

<center>http://www.wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image229.gif </center>

FIG. 229– The first metacarpal. (Left.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')

==== Second Metacarpal Bone ====
'''The Second Metacarpal Bone''' (''os metacarpale II; metacarpal bone of the index finger'') (Fig. 230) is the longest, and its base the largest, of the four remaining bone.

Its '''base''' is prolonged upward and medialward, forming a prominent ridge. It presents four articular facets: three on the upper surface and one on the [[ulnar]] side. Of the facets on the upper surface the intermediate is the largest and is concave from side to side, convex from before backward for articulation with the lesser [[multangular]]; the lateral is small, flat and oval for articulation with the greater multangular; the medial, on the summit of the ridge, is long and narrow for articulation with the [[capitate]]. The facet on the ulnar side articulates with the third metacarpal. The [[Extensor]] carpi radialis longus is inserted on the [[dorsal]] surface and the [[Flexor]] carpi radialis on the [[volar]] surface of the base.

==== Third Metacarpal Bone ====
'''The Third Metacarpal Bone''' (''os metacarpale III; metacarpal bone of the middle finger'') (Fig. 231) is a little smaller than the second. The dorsal aspect of its '''[[base]]''' presents on its radial side a pyramidal eminence, the '''[[styloid process]]''' which extends upward behind the capitate; immediately distal to this is a rough surface for the attachment of the [[Extensor]] carpi radialis brevis. The carpal articular facet is concave behind, flat in front, and articulates with the capitate. On the radial side is a smooth, concave facet for articulation with the second metacarpal, and on the ulnar side two small oval facets for the fourth metacarpal.

==== Fourth Metacarpal Bone ====
'''The Fourth Metacarpal Bone''' (''os metacarpale IV; metacarpal bone of the ring finger'') (Fig. 232) is shorter and smaller than the third. The '''[[base]]''' is small and quadrilateral; its superior surface presents two [[facets]], a large one medially for articulation with the hamate, and a small one laterally for the [[capitate]].

On the radial side are two oval facets, for articulation with the third metacarpal; and on the ulnar side a single concave facet, for the fifth metacarpal.

==== Fifth Metacarpal Bone ====
'''The Fifth Metacarpal Bone''' (''os metacarpale V; metacarpal bone of the little finger'') (Fig. 233) presents on its '''[[base]]''' one facet on its superior surface, which is concavo-convex and articulates with the [[hamate]], and one on its radial side, which articulates with the fourth metacarpal. On its ulnar side is a prominent [[tubercle]] for the insertion of the [[tendon]] of the Extensor carpi ulnaris.

The dorsal surface of the body is divided by an oblique ridge, which extends from near the [[ulnar]] side of the base to the radial side of the head. The lateral part of this surface serves for the attachment of the fourth [[Interosseus dorsalis]]; the medial part is smooth, triangular, and covered by the [[Extensor]] tendons of the little finger.

<center>http://www.wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image230.gif </center>

FIG. 230– The second metacarpal. (Left.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')

<center>http://www.wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image231.gif </center>

FIG. 231– The third metacarpal. (Left.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')

<center>http://www.wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image232.gif </center>

FIG. 232– The fourth metacarpal. (Left.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')

<center>http://www.wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image233.gif </center>

FIG. 233– The fifth metacarpal. (Left.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')

==='''Articulations'''===
Besides their phalangeal articulations, the metacarpal bones articulate as follows: the first with the greater multangular; the second with the greater [[multangular]], lesser multangular, [[capitate]] and third metacarpal; the third with the capitate and second and fourth metacarpals; the fourth with the capitate, [[hamate]], and third and fifth metacarpals; and the fifth with the hamate and fourth metacarpal.

== Additional images ==
<gallery>
File:Metacarpal bones (left hand) - animation01.gif|Metacarpus of the left hand (shown in red). Animation.
File:Medical X-Ray imaging VNH07 nevit.jpg|X-ray image of right hand with thumb on left.
File:Metacarpal fractures.jpg|Multiple fractures of the metacarpals (aka broken hand). (Right hand shown with thumb on left.)
File:Medical X-Ray imaging OCU06 nevit.jpg|X-ray image of human infant left hand.
File:Hand of embryo.jpg|Micro-radiography of 8 weeks human embryo hand
File:Slide1dsds.JPG|Right hand. Deep dissection. Anterior (palmar) view.
File:Slide1tyty.JPG|Right hand. Deep dissection. Posterior (dorsal) view.
</gallery>
{{grays}}