The Lymphatics of the Upper Extremity - Revision history

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	In their course upward, a few end in the glands which lie upon the [[Brachial artery\|brachial]] artery; but most of them pass to the lateral group of [[axillary glands]].		In their course upward, a few end in the glands which lie upon the [[Brachial artery\|brachial]] artery; but most of them pass to the lateral group of [[axillary glands]].

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Prab at 03:07, 30 January 2025

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	[[Anatomy]] > [[Gray's Anatomy\| Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body]] > VIII. The Lymphatic System > 4. The Lymphatics of the Upper Extremity		[[Anatomy]] > [[Gray's Anatomy\| Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body]] > VIII. The Lymphatic System > 4. The Lymphatics of the Upper Extremity


	[[Henry Gray]] (1821–1865). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.		[[Henry Gray]] (1821–1865). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.
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	Their efferents accompany the [[basilic]] vein and join the deeper vessels. One or two '''[[deltoideopectoral]] glands''' are found beside the [[Cephalic vein\|cephalic]] vein, between the [[Pectoralis]] major and [[Deltoideus]], immediately below the [[clavicle]]. They are situated in the course of the external collecting [[trunks]] of the arm.		Their efferents accompany the [[basilic]] vein and join the deeper vessels. One or two '''[[deltoideopectoral]] glands''' are found beside the [[Cephalic vein\|cephalic]] vein, between the [[Pectoralis]] major and [[Deltoideus]], immediately below the [[clavicle]]. They are situated in the course of the external collecting [[trunks]] of the arm.

			[[File:Gray607.png\|thumb\|FIG. 607– Lymphatics of the mamma, and the axillary glands (semidiagrammatic). (Poirier and Charpy.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')]]
	~~<center>http~~:~~//www~~.~~wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image607.gif </center>~~


	FIG. 607– Lymphatics of the mamma, and the axillary glands (semidiagrammatic). (Poirier and Charpy.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')

	====The '''deep lymph glands'''====		====The '''deep lymph glands'''====
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	The [[lymphatic]] vessels of the upper extremity are divided into two sets, [[superficial]] and [[deep]].		The [[lymphatic]] vessels of the upper extremity are divided into two sets, [[superficial]] and [[deep]].

			[[File:Gray608.png\|thumb\|left\|FIG. 608– Lymphatic vessels of the dorsal surface of the hand. (Sappey.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')]]

	~~<center>http~~:~~//www~~.~~wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image608.gif </center>~~		[[File:Gray609.png\|thumb\|FIG. 609– Lymph glands of popliteal fossa. (Poirier and Charpy.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')]]


	FIG. ~~608– Lymphatic vessels~~ of ~~the dorsal surface of the hand~~. (~~Sappey~~.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')

	====superficial lymphatic vessels====		====superficial lymphatic vessels====
	The '''superficial lymphatic vessels''' commence (Fig. 608) in the lymphatic [[plexus]] which everywhere pervades the skin; the meshes of the plexus are much finer in the palm and on the [[flexor]] aspect of the digits than elsewhere.		The '''superficial lymphatic vessels''' commence (Fig. 608) in the lymphatic [[plexus]] which everywhere pervades the skin; the meshes of the plexus are much finer in the palm and on the [[flexor]] aspect of the digits than elsewhere.
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	The '''deep lymphatic vessels''' accompany the deep bloodvessels. In the forearm, they consist of four sets, corresponding with the radial, [[Ulnar artery\|ulnar]], [[volar]], and [[dorsal]] [[interosseous]] arteries; they communicate at intervals with the superficial lymphatics, and some of them end in the glands which are occasionally found beside the arteries.		The '''deep lymphatic vessels''' accompany the deep bloodvessels. In the forearm, they consist of four sets, corresponding with the radial, [[Ulnar artery\|ulnar]], [[volar]], and [[dorsal]] [[interosseous]] arteries; they communicate at intervals with the superficial lymphatics, and some of them end in the glands which are occasionally found beside the arteries.

	In their course upward, a few end in the glands which lie upon the [[Brachial artery\|brachial]] artery; but most of them pass to the lateral group of [[axillary glands]].		In their course upward, a few end in the glands which lie upon the [[Brachial artery\|brachial]] artery; but most of them pass to the lateral group of [[axillary glands]].


	~~<center>http://www.wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image609.gif </center>~~


	~~FIG. 609– Lymph glands of popliteal fossa. (Poirier and Charpy.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')~~

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Deepika vegiraju at 03:21, 19 May 2020

2020-05-19T03:21:37Z

New page

[[Anatomy]] > [[Gray's Anatomy| Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body]] > VIII. The Lymphatic System > 4. The Lymphatics of the Upper Extremity

[[Henry Gray]] (1821–1865). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.
=='''The Lymphatics of the Upper Extremity'''==

==='''The Lymph Glands of the Upper Extremity''' (Fig. 606)===

The lymph glands of the upper extremity are divided into two sets, '''[[superficial]]''' and '''[[deep]]'''

====The '''superficial lymph glands'''====
The '''superficial lymph glands''' are few and of small size. One or two '''[[supratrochlear]] glands''' are placed above the medial [[epicondyle]] of the [[humerus]], medial to the [[basilic]] vein.

Their afferents drain the middle, ring, and little fingers, the medial portion of the hand, and the [[superficial]] area over the ulnar side of the forearm; these vessels are, however, in free communication with the other [[lymphatic]] vessels of the [[forearm]].

Their efferents accompany the [[basilic]] vein and join the deeper vessels. One or two '''[[deltoideopectoral]] glands''' are found beside the [[Cephalic vein|cephalic]] vein, between the [[Pectoralis]] major and [[Deltoideus]], immediately below the [[clavicle]]. They are situated in the course of the external collecting [[trunks]] of the arm.

<center>http://www.wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image607.gif </center>

FIG. 607– Lymphatics of the mamma, and the axillary glands (semidiagrammatic). (Poirier and Charpy.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')

====The '''deep lymph glands'''====
The '''deep [[lymph glands]]''' are chiefly grouped in the [[axilla]], although a few may be found in the forearm, in the course of the [[radial]], [[ulnar]], and [[Interosseous crest|interosseous]] vessels, and in the arm along the medial side of the [[brachial]] artery.
====The '''Axillary Glands'''====
The '''[[Axillary]] Glands''' (''lymphoglandulæ axillares'') (Fig. 607) are of large size, vary from twenty to thirty in number, and may be arranged in the following groups:

1. A '''lateral group''' of from four to six glands lies in relation to the medial and [[posterior]] aspects of the axillary vein; the afferents of these glands drain the whole arm with the exception of that portion whose vessels accompany the [[Cephalic vein|cephalic]] vein. The efferent vessels pass partly to the central and [[subclavicular]] groups of axillary glands and partly to the inferior deep [[cervical]] glands.

2. An '''[[anterior]]''' or '''pectoral group''' consists of four or five glands along the lower border of the [[Pectoralis minor]], in relation with the lateral [[thoracic]] artery. Their afferents drain the skin and muscles of the [[anterior]] and lateral thoracic walls, and the central and lateral parts of the [[namma]]; their efferents pass partly to the central and partly to the subclavicular groups of axillary glands.

3. A '''[[posterior]]''' or '''subscapular group''' of six or seven glands is placed along the lower margin of the posterior wall of the [[axilla]] in the course of the [[subscapular]] artery. The afferents of this group drain the skin and muscles of the lower part of the back of the neck and of the posterior thoracic wall; their efferents pass to the central group of axillary glands.

4. A '''central''' or '''intermediate group''' of three or four large glands is imbedded in the [[Adipose tissue|adipose]] tissue near the base of the axilla. Its afferents are the efferent vessels of all the preceding groups of axillary glands; its efferents pass to the subclavicular group.

5. A '''[[medial]]''' or '''subclavicular group''' of six to twelve glands is situated partly posterior to the upper portion of the [[Pectoralis minor]] and partly above the upper border of this muscle. Its only direct territorial afferents are those which accompany the [[Cephalic vein|cephalic]] vein and one which drains the upper peripheral part of the mamma, but it receives the efferents of all the other axillary glands.

The efferent vessels of the [[subclavicular]] group unite to form the '''[[subclavian trunk]]''' which opens either directly into the junction of the internal [[jugular]] and subclavian veins or into the jugular [[lymphatic trunk]]; on the left side it may end in the thoracic duct. A few efferents from the subclavicular glands usually pass to the inferior deep [[cervical]] glands.

==='''The Lymphatic Vessels of the Upper Extremity'''===
The [[lymphatic]] vessels of the upper extremity are divided into two sets, [[superficial]] and [[deep]].

<center>http://www.wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image608.gif </center>

FIG. 608– Lymphatic vessels of the dorsal surface of the hand. (Sappey.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')

====superficial lymphatic vessels====
The '''superficial lymphatic vessels''' commence (Fig. 608) in the lymphatic [[plexus]] which everywhere pervades the skin; the meshes of the plexus are much finer in the palm and on the [[flexor]] aspect of the digits than elsewhere.

The digital plexuses are drained by a pair of vessels which run on the sides of each digit, and incline backward to reach the [[dorsum]] of the hand. From the dense plexus of the palm, vessels pass in different directions, viz., upward toward the wrist, downward to join the digital vessels, medialward to join the vessels on the ulnar border of the hand, and lateralward to those on the thumb.

Several vessels from the central part of the plexus unite to form a trunk, which passes around the [[metacarpal]] bone of the index finger to join the vessels on the back of that digit and on the back of the thumb.

Running upward in front of and behind the wrist, the [[lymphatic]] vessels are collected into [[radial]], [[median]], and [[ulnar]] groups, which accompany respectively the [[Cephalic vein|cephalic]], [[median]], and [[Basilic vein|basilic]] veins in the forearm.

A few of the ulnar lymphatics end in the [[supratrochlear glands]], but the majority pass directly to the lateral group of [[axillary glands]]. Some of the radial vessels are collected into a trunk which ascends with the cephalic vein to the [[deltoideopectoral]] glands; the efferents from this group pass either to the [[subclavicular]] axillary glands or to the inferior cervical glands.

====Deep lymphatic vessels====
The '''deep lymphatic vessels''' accompany the deep bloodvessels. In the forearm, they consist of four sets, corresponding with the radial, [[Ulnar artery|ulnar]], [[volar]], and [[dorsal]] [[interosseous]] arteries; they communicate at intervals with the superficial lymphatics, and some of them end in the glands which are occasionally found beside the arteries.

In their course upward, a few end in the glands which lie upon the [[Brachial artery|brachial]] artery; but most of them pass to the lateral group of [[axillary glands]].

<center>http://www.wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image609.gif </center>

FIG. 609– Lymph glands of popliteal fossa. (Poirier and Charpy.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')

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