The Cephalic Portion of the Sympathetic System - Revision history

Prab at 13:43, 4 February 2025

2025-02-04T13:43:27Z

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	[[Anatomy]] > [[Gray's Anatomy\| Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body]] > IX. Neurology > 7a. The Cephalic Portion of the Sympathetic System		[[Anatomy]] > [[Gray's Anatomy\| Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body]] > IX. Neurology > 7a. The Cephalic Portion of the Sympathetic System

	[[Henry Gray]] (1821–1865). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.		[[Henry Gray]] (1821–1865). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.

	'''The Cephalic Portion of the Sympathetic System'''		'''The Cephalic Portion of the Sympathetic System''' - '''(Pars Cephalica S. Sympathici)'''
	'''(Pars Cephalica S. Sympathici)'''

			The '''[[cephalic]] portion''' of the sympathetic system begins as the '''internal [[carotid nerve]]''' which appears to be a direct prolongation of the superior [[cervical ganglion]]. It is soft in texture, and of a reddish color. It ascends by the side of the internal [[carotid artery]], and, entering the carotid canal in the [[temporal bone]], divides into two branches, which lie one on the lateral and the other on the medial side of that vessel.

	The '''[[cephalic]] portion''' of the sympathetic system begins as the '''internal [[carotid nerve]]''' which appears to be a direct prolongation of the superior [[cervical ganglion]]. It is soft in texture, and of a reddish color. It ascends by the side of the internal [[carotid artery]], and, entering the carotid canal in the [[temporal bone]], divides into two branches, which lie one on the lateral and the other on the medial side of that vessel.
	=== Branches ===		=== Branches ===
	The '''[[lateral]] branch''' the larger of the two, distributes filaments to the internal carotid artery, and forms the '''[[internal carotid plexus]]'''		The '''[[lateral]] branch''' the larger of the two, distributes filaments to the internal carotid artery, and forms the '''[[internal carotid plexus]]'''
	The '''[[medial]] branch''' also distributes filaments to the internal carotid artery, and, continuing onward, forms the '''[[cavernous plexus]]'''		The '''[[medial]] branch''' also distributes filaments to the internal carotid artery, and, continuing onward, forms the '''[[cavernous plexus]]'''

	==== The '''internal carotid plexus''' ====		==== The '''internal carotid plexus''' ====
	The '''internal carotid plexus''' (''plexus caroticus internus; carotid plexus'') is situated on the lateral side of the internal [[carotid artery]], and in the [[plexus]] there occasionally exists a small [[gangliform]] swelling, the '''[[carotid ganglion]]''' on the under surface of the artery.		The '''internal carotid plexus''' (''plexus caroticus internus; carotid plexus'') is situated on the lateral side of the internal [[carotid artery]], and in the [[plexus]] there occasionally exists a small [[gangliform]] swelling, the '''[[carotid ganglion]]''' on the under surface of the artery.

	The internal carotid plexus communicates with the semilunar ganglion, the [[abducent]] nerve, and the [[sphenopalatine ganglion]]; it distributes filaments to the wall of the carotid artery, and also communicates with the [[tympanic branch]] of the [[glossopharyngeal]] nerve.		The internal carotid plexus communicates with the semilunar ganglion, the [[abducent]] nerve, and the [[sphenopalatine ganglion]]; it distributes filaments to the wall of the carotid artery, and also communicates with the [[tympanic branch]] of the [[glossopharyngeal]] nerve.


	The communicating branches with the abducent nerve consist of one or two [[filaments]] which join that nerve as it lies upon the lateral side of the internal carotid artery. The communication with the [[sphenopalatine ganglion]] is effected by a branch, the '''deep petrosal''' given off from the [[plexus]] on the lateral side of the artery; this branch passes through the cartilage filling up the [[foramen lacerum]], and joins the greater superficial petrosal to form the nerve of the [[pterygoid]] canal (''[[Vidian nerve]]''), which passes through the pterygoid canal to the sphenopalatine ganglion. The communication with the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve is effected by the '''[[caroticotympanic]]''' which may consist of two or three delicate filaments.		The communicating branches with the abducent nerve consist of one or two [[filaments]] which join that nerve as it lies upon the lateral side of the internal carotid artery. The communication with the [[sphenopalatine ganglion]] is effected by a branch, the '''deep petrosal''' given off from the [[plexus]] on the lateral side of the artery; this branch passes through the cartilage filling up the [[foramen lacerum]], and joins the greater superficial petrosal to form the nerve of the [[pterygoid]] canal (''[[Vidian nerve]]''), which passes through the pterygoid canal to the sphenopalatine ganglion. The communication with the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve is effected by the '''[[caroticotympanic]]''' which may consist of two or three delicate filaments.
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	The '''terminal filaments''' from the internal carotid and cavernous plexuses are prolonged as plexuses around the anterior and middle cerebral arteries and the ophthalmic artery; along the former vessels, they may be traced to the [[pia mater]]; along the latter, into the orbit, where they accompany each of the branches of the vessel. The filaments prolonged on to the anterior communicating artery connect the [[sympathetic nerves]] of the right and left sides.		The '''terminal filaments''' from the internal carotid and cavernous plexuses are prolonged as plexuses around the anterior and middle cerebral arteries and the ophthalmic artery; along the former vessels, they may be traced to the [[pia mater]]; along the latter, into the orbit, where they accompany each of the branches of the vessel. The filaments prolonged on to the anterior communicating artery connect the [[sympathetic nerves]] of the right and left sides.

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	~~__NOINDEX__~~

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			__NOINDEX__

Deepika vegiraju at 11:21, 24 May 2020

2020-05-24T11:21:28Z

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[[Anatomy]] > [[Gray's Anatomy| Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body]] > IX. Neurology > 7a. The Cephalic Portion of the Sympathetic System

[[Henry Gray]] (1821–1865). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.

'''The Cephalic Portion of the Sympathetic System'''
'''(Pars Cephalica S. Sympathici)'''

The '''[[cephalic]] portion''' of the sympathetic system begins as the '''internal [[carotid nerve]]''' which appears to be a direct prolongation of the superior [[cervical ganglion]]. It is soft in texture, and of a reddish color. It ascends by the side of the internal [[carotid artery]], and, entering the carotid canal in the [[temporal bone]], divides into two branches, which lie one on the lateral and the other on the medial side of that vessel.
=== Branches ===
The '''[[lateral]] branch''' the larger of the two, distributes filaments to the internal carotid artery, and forms the '''[[internal carotid plexus]]'''
The '''[[medial]] branch''' also distributes filaments to the internal carotid artery, and, continuing onward, forms the '''[[cavernous plexus]]'''
==== The '''internal carotid plexus''' ====
The '''internal carotid plexus''' (''plexus caroticus internus; carotid plexus'') is situated on the lateral side of the internal [[carotid artery]], and in the [[plexus]] there occasionally exists a small [[gangliform]] swelling, the '''[[carotid ganglion]]''' on the under surface of the artery.

The internal carotid plexus communicates with the semilunar ganglion, the [[abducent]] nerve, and the [[sphenopalatine ganglion]]; it distributes filaments to the wall of the carotid artery, and also communicates with the [[tympanic branch]] of the [[glossopharyngeal]] nerve.

The communicating branches with the abducent nerve consist of one or two [[filaments]] which join that nerve as it lies upon the lateral side of the internal carotid artery. The communication with the [[sphenopalatine ganglion]] is effected by a branch, the '''deep petrosal''' given off from the [[plexus]] on the lateral side of the artery; this branch passes through the cartilage filling up the [[foramen lacerum]], and joins the greater superficial petrosal to form the nerve of the [[pterygoid]] canal (''[[Vidian nerve]]''), which passes through the pterygoid canal to the sphenopalatine ganglion. The communication with the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve is effected by the '''[[caroticotympanic]]''' which may consist of two or three delicate filaments.

==== The '''cavernous plexus''' ====
The '''cavernous plexus''' (''plexus cavernosus'') is situated below and [[medial]] to that part of the internal [[carotid artery]] which is placed by the side of the [[sella turcica]] in the cavernous sinus, and is formed chiefly by the medial division of the internal [[carotid nerve]].

It communicates with the [[oculomotor]], the [[trochlear]], the [[ophthalmic]] and the [[abducent nerves]], and with the [[ciliary ganglion]], and distributes filaments to the wall of the internal carotid artery. The branch of communication with the oculomotor nerve joins that nerve at its point of division; the branch to the [[trochlear nerve]] joins it as it lies on the lateral wall of the [[cavernous sinus]]; other [[filaments]] are connected with the under surface of the [[ophthalmic nerve]]; and a second filament joins the abducent nerve.

The '''[[filaments]] of connection''' with the [[ciliary ganglion]] ''arise'' from the anterior part of the [[cavernous plexus]] and enter the orbit through the superior orbital [[fissure]]; they may join the [[nasociliary]] branch of the ophthalmic nerve, or be continued forward as a separate branch.

The '''terminal filaments''' from the internal carotid and cavernous plexuses are prolonged as plexuses around the anterior and middle cerebral arteries and the ophthalmic artery; along the former vessels, they may be traced to the [[pia mater]]; along the latter, into the orbit, where they accompany each of the branches of the vessel. The filaments prolonged on to the anterior communicating artery connect the [[sympathetic nerves]] of the right and left sides.

{{grays}}