Tetralogy of Fallot - Revision history

Prab: CSV import

2025-04-12T18:04:52Z

CSV import

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:04, 12 April 2025
Line 20:		Line 20:
	\| deaths = Rare with treatment		\| deaths = Rare with treatment
	}}		}}
			== Pronunciation ==
	Tetralogy of Fallot is pronounced te-tral-uh-jee of Fal-oh.		Tetralogy of Fallot is pronounced te-tral-uh-jee of Fal-oh.
	== What is Tetralogy of Fallot? ==		== What is Tetralogy of Fallot? ==

Prab: CSV import

2025-04-08T20:47:12Z

CSV import

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:47, 8 April 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	== ~~Pronunciation~~ ==		{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Tetralogy of Fallot
			\| image = [[File:Tetralogy_of_Fallot.svg\|250px]]
			\| caption = Diagram of Tetralogy of Fallot
			\| field = [[Cardiology]], [[Pediatrics]]
			\| synonyms = TOF
			\| symptoms = [[Cyanosis]], [[difficulty in feeding]], [[failure to thrive]], [[heart murmur]]
			\| complications = [[Infective endocarditis]], [[heart failure]], [[stroke]]
			\| onset = Birth
			\| duration = Lifelong
			\| causes = [[Congenital heart defect]]
			\| risks = [[Rubella]], [[alcohol use during pregnancy]], [[diabetes]], [[older maternal age]]
			\| diagnosis = [[Echocardiogram]], [[chest X-ray]], [[electrocardiogram]]
			\| differential = [[Ventricular septal defect]], [[pulmonary stenosis]], [[transposition of the great arteries]]
			\| treatment = [[Surgery]], [[medication]]
			\| medication = [[Prostaglandin E1]], [[beta blockers]]
			\| prognosis = Generally good with treatment
			\| frequency = 1 in 2,000 newborns
			\| deaths = Rare with treatment
			}}
	Tetralogy of Fallot is pronounced te-tral-uh-jee of Fal-oh.		Tetralogy of Fallot is pronounced te-tral-uh-jee of Fal-oh.
	~~[[File:Tetralogy of Fallot.svg\|alt=Tetralogy of Fallot\|thumb\|'''Tetralogy of Fallot''']]~~

	== What is Tetralogy of Fallot? ==		== What is Tetralogy of Fallot? ==
	Tatrology of Fallot is a birth defect that affects normal blood flow through the heart. A tetralogy simply means four things and the Tetrology of Fallot involves the following four defects:		Tatrology of Fallot is a birth defect that affects normal blood flow through the heart. A tetralogy simply means four things and the Tetrology of Fallot involves the following four defects:

	<youtube>		<youtube>
	title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''		title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''
	movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/Be3tuYMgA9I		movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/Be3tuYMgA9I
	&rel=1		&rel=1
Line 16:		Line 33:
	height=600		height=600
	</youtube>		</youtube>

	* A [[ventricular septal defect]]		* A [[ventricular septal defect]]
	* [[Pulmonary stenosis]]		* [[Pulmonary stenosis]]
	* The aortic valve connects to both ventricles as opposed to only the left, and it sits directly on top of the ventricular septal defect.		* The aortic valve connects to both ventricles as opposed to only the left, and it sits directly on top of the ventricular septal defect.
	* The muscular wall of the lower right ventricle is thicker than normal called ventricular hypertrophy.		* The muscular wall of the lower right ventricle is thicker than normal called ventricular hypertrophy.
	[[File:Heart tetralogy fallot.svg\|alt=Heart tetralogy Fallot\|thumb\|Heart tetralogy Fallot]]		[[File:Heart tetralogy fallot.svg\|alt=Heart tetralogy Fallot\|left\|thumb\|Heart tetralogy Fallot]]
	== Critical congenital heart defect ==		== Critical congenital heart defect ==
	Because a baby with tetralogy of Fallot may need surgery or other procedures soon after birth, this birth defect is considered a critical congenital heart defect.		Because a baby with tetralogy of Fallot may need surgery or other procedures soon after birth, this birth defect is considered a critical congenital heart defect.

	== Symptoms ==		== Symptoms ==
	This heart defect leads to [[cyanosis]]. Infants with tetralogy of Fallot can have a bluish-looking skin ~~color―called cyanosis―because~~ their blood ~~doesn’t~~ carry enough oxygen. At birth, infants might not have blue-looking skin, but later might develop sudden episodes of bluish skin during crying or feeding. These episodes are called tet spells.		This heart defect leads to [[cyanosis]]. Infants with tetralogy of Fallot can have a bluish-looking skin color‚Äïcalled cyanosis‚Äïbecause their blood doesn‚Äôt carry enough oxygen. At birth, infants might not have blue-looking skin, but later might develop sudden episodes of bluish skin during crying or feeding. These episodes are called tet spells.

	* Infants with tetralogy of Fallot or other conditions causing cyanosis can have problems including:		* Infants with tetralogy of Fallot or other conditions causing cyanosis can have problems including:
	* A higher risk of getting an infection of the layers of the heart, called endocarditis.		* A higher risk of getting an infection of the layers of the heart, called endocarditis.
Line 33:		Line 47:
	* [[Dizziness]], [[fainting]], or [[seizures]], because of the low oxygen levels in their blood.		* [[Dizziness]], [[fainting]], or [[seizures]], because of the low oxygen levels in their blood.
	* Delayed growth and development.		* Delayed growth and development.

	== Diagnosis ==		== Diagnosis ==

	Tetralogy of Fallot may be diagnosed during pregnancy or soon after a baby is born.		Tetralogy of Fallot may be diagnosed during pregnancy or soon after a baby is born.

	=== During Pregnancy ===		=== During Pregnancy ===

	A [[fetal echocardiogram]] is an ultrasound of the heart of the fetus which show problems with the structure of the heart and how the heart is working with this defect.		A [[fetal echocardiogram]] is an ultrasound of the heart of the fetus which show problems with the structure of the heart and how the heart is working with this defect.

	===After a Baby Is Born===		===After a Baby Is Born===
			* Tetralogy of Fallot usually is diagnosed after a baby is born, often after the infant has an episode of turning blue during crying or feeding (a tet spell).
	* Tetralogy of Fallot usually is diagnosed after a baby is born, often after the infant has an episode of turning blue during crying or feeding (a tet spell).
	* Some findings on a physical exam may make the health care provider think a baby may have tetralogy of Fallot, including bluish-looking skin (cyanosis) or a heart murmur.		* Some findings on a physical exam may make the health care provider think a baby may have tetralogy of Fallot, including bluish-looking skin (cyanosis) or a heart murmur.
	* The most common test is an echocardiogram.		* The most common test is an echocardiogram.
	* Pulse oximetry is a simple bedside test to estimate the amount of oxygen in a ~~baby’s~~ blood.		* Pulse oximetry is a simple bedside test to estimate the amount of oxygen in a baby‚Äôs blood.
	* Low levels of oxygen in the blood can be a sign of a critical CHD.		* Low levels of oxygen in the blood can be a sign of a critical CHD.
	* Newborn screening using pulse oximetry can identify some infants with a critical CHD, like tetralogy of Fallot, before they show any symptoms.		* Newborn screening using pulse oximetry can identify some infants with a critical CHD, like tetralogy of Fallot, before they show any symptoms.

	===Treatments===		===Treatments===
			* Tetralogy of Fallot can be treated by surgery soon after the baby is born.
	* Tetralogy of Fallot can be treated by surgery soon after the baby is born.		* During surgery, doctors widen or replace the pulmonary valve and enlarge the passage to the pulmonary artery.
	* During surgery, doctors widen or replace the pulmonary valve and enlarge the passage to the pulmonary artery.		* They also will place a patch over the ventricular septal defect to close the hole between the two lower chambers of the heart.
	* They also will place a patch over the ventricular septal defect to close the hole between the two lower chambers of the heart.
	* These actions will improve blood flow to the lungs and the rest of the body.		* These actions will improve blood flow to the lungs and the rest of the body.

	== Prognosis ==		== Prognosis ==
	* Most infants will live active, healthy lives after surgery. However, they will need regular follow-up visits with a cardiologist.		* Most infants will live active, healthy lives after surgery. However, they will need regular follow-up visits with a cardiologist.
	* As adults, they may need more surgery or medical care for other possible problems.		* As adults, they may need more surgery or medical care for other possible problems.
	{{stub}}		{{stub}}

Prab at 11:49, 2 June 2023

2023-06-02T11:49:51Z

New page

== Pronunciation ==
Tetralogy of Fallot is pronounced te-tral-uh-jee of Fal-oh.
[[File:Tetralogy of Fallot.svg|alt=Tetralogy of Fallot|thumb|'''Tetralogy of Fallot''']]

== What is Tetralogy of Fallot? ==
Tatrology of Fallot is a birth defect that affects normal blood flow through the heart. A tetralogy simply means four things and the Tetrology of Fallot involves the following four defects:

<youtube>
title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''
movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/Be3tuYMgA9I
&rel=1
embed_source_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/Be3tuYMgA9I
&rel=1
wrap = yes
width=750
height=600
</youtube>

* A [[ventricular septal defect]]
* [[Pulmonary stenosis]]
* The aortic valve connects to both ventricles as opposed to only the left, and it sits directly on top of the ventricular septal defect.
* The muscular wall of the lower right ventricle is thicker than normal called ventricular hypertrophy.
[[File:Heart tetralogy fallot.svg|alt=Heart tetralogy Fallot|thumb|Heart tetralogy Fallot]]
== Critical congenital heart defect ==
Because a baby with tetralogy of Fallot may need surgery or other procedures soon after birth, this birth defect is considered a critical congenital heart defect.

== Symptoms ==
This heart defect leads to [[cyanosis]]. Infants with tetralogy of Fallot can have a bluish-looking skin color―called cyanosis―because their blood doesn’t carry enough oxygen. At birth, infants might not have blue-looking skin, but later might develop sudden episodes of bluish skin during crying or feeding. These episodes are called tet spells.

* Infants with tetralogy of Fallot or other conditions causing cyanosis can have problems including:
* A higher risk of getting an infection of the layers of the heart, called endocarditis.
* A higher risk of having irregular heart rhythms, called arrhythmia.
* [[Dizziness]], [[fainting]], or [[seizures]], because of the low oxygen levels in their blood.
* Delayed growth and development.

== Diagnosis ==

Tetralogy of Fallot may be diagnosed during pregnancy or soon after a baby is born.

=== During Pregnancy ===

A [[fetal echocardiogram]] is an ultrasound of the heart of the fetus which show problems with the structure of the heart and how the heart is working with this defect.

===After a Baby Is Born===

* Tetralogy of Fallot usually is diagnosed after a baby is born, often after the infant has an episode of turning blue during crying or feeding (a tet spell).
* Some findings on a physical exam may make the health care provider think a baby may have tetralogy of Fallot, including bluish-looking skin (cyanosis) or a heart murmur.
* The most common test is an echocardiogram.
* Pulse oximetry is a simple bedside test to estimate the amount of oxygen in a baby’s blood.
* Low levels of oxygen in the blood can be a sign of a critical CHD.
* Newborn screening using pulse oximetry can identify some infants with a critical CHD, like tetralogy of Fallot, before they show any symptoms.

===Treatments===

* Tetralogy of Fallot can be treated by surgery soon after the baby is born.
* During surgery, doctors widen or replace the pulmonary valve and enlarge the passage to the pulmonary artery.
* They also will place a patch over the ventricular septal defect to close the hole between the two lower chambers of the heart.
* These actions will improve blood flow to the lungs and the rest of the body.

== Prognosis ==
* Most infants will live active, healthy lives after surgery. However, they will need regular follow-up visits with a cardiologist.
* As adults, they may need more surgery or medical care for other possible problems.
{{stub}}
{{Congenital malformations and deformations of circulatory system}}
[[Category:Congenital heart defects]]
[[Category:Health issues in pregnancy]]
[[Category:RTT]]