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← Older revision		Revision as of 03:31, 13 February 2025
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	~~'''TNBC''' or '''~~Triple-negative breast cancer''' is a subtype of [[breast cancer]] that is characterized by the absence of three receptors: [[estrogen receptor]] (ER), [[progesterone receptor]] (PR), and [[human epidermal growth factor receptor 2]] (HER2/neu). These receptors are not expressed in TNBC, hence the term "triple-negative."		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Triple-Negative Breast Cancer}}

	==~~Epidemiology~~==		== Overview ==
	TNBC ~~accounts for approximately 15~~-~~20%~~ of ~~all~~ [[breast cancer]] ~~cases. It~~ is ~~more~~ common ~~in younger women~~, ~~particularly those under the age of 40~~, and ~~in women of African or Hispanic descent. It is also more prevalent in women with a~~ [[~~BRCA1~~]] ~~mutation~~.		[[File:TNBC_(2000-2002).svg\|thumb\|right\|Diagram illustrating the prevalence of TNBC in breast cancer cases.]]
			'''Triple-Negative Breast Cancer''' (TNBC) is a subtype of [[breast cancer]] that is characterized by the absence of three common receptors known to fuel most breast cancer growth: [[estrogen receptor]] (ER), [[progesterone receptor]] (PR), and [[human epidermal growth factor receptor 2]] (HER2). This means that TNBC does not respond to hormonal therapy or therapies that target HER2 receptors, making it more challenging to treat.

	==~~Clinical Features~~==		== Characteristics ==
	TNBC ~~typically presents as a rapidly growing mass. It~~ is ~~more likely~~ to ~~metastasize and recur than~~ other types of breast cancer. ~~The most~~ common ~~sites~~ of ~~metastasis are the [[brain]], [[lungs]]~~, and [[~~liver~~]].		TNBC is known for its aggressive nature and poorer prognosis compared to other types of breast cancer. It tends to grow and spread more quickly, and it is more likely to have spread at the time it is found. TNBC is more common in younger women, particularly those under the age of 40, and is more prevalent in African American women and women with a [[BRCA1]] gene mutation.

	==Diagnosis==		== Diagnosis ==
	The diagnosis of TNBC is ~~made by~~ [[biopsy]] of the ~~breast mass. The tissue~~ is ~~then analyzed~~ for the presence of ER, PR, and HER2~~/neu~~ receptors. ~~If all three~~ receptors ~~are absent,~~ the diagnosis of TNBC ~~is made~~.		The diagnosis of TNBC is confirmed through a combination of [[mammography]], [[ultrasound]], and [[biopsy]]. During the biopsy, a sample of the tumor is tested for the presence of ER, PR, and HER2 receptors. The absence of these receptors confirms the diagnosis of TNBC.

	==Treatment==		== Treatment ==
	~~The mainstay~~ of ~~treatment~~ for TNBC is [[chemotherapy]]~~. Unlike other types of breast cancer~~, ~~TNBC does not respond~~ to ~~hormonal therapy~~ or ~~therapies targeted at HER2/neu receptors~~. Surgery and ~~radiation therapy may also be used in~~ the ~~treatment of TNBC~~.		[[File:TNBC_(2000-2002).svg\|thumb\|left\|Graph showing the survival rates of TNBC compared to other breast cancer types.]]
			Treatment options for TNBC are limited compared to other breast cancer types. The primary treatment is [[chemotherapy]], which may be administered before surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) to shrink the tumor or after surgery (adjuvant chemotherapy) to eliminate any remaining cancer cells. Surgery options include [[lumpectomy]] or [[mastectomy]], depending on the size and location of the tumor.

	==Prognosis==		== Prognosis ==
	The prognosis for TNBC is generally poorer than for other types of breast cancer~~. This is~~ due to ~~the~~ aggressive nature of the ~~disease~~ and ~~the lack of~~ targeted therapies.		The prognosis for TNBC is generally poorer than for other types of breast cancer due to its aggressive nature and limited treatment options. However, the response to chemotherapy can be quite good, and some patients achieve complete remission. Ongoing research is focused on finding new targeted therapies and immunotherapies to improve outcomes for TNBC patients.

	==Research==		== Research and Future Directions ==
	Research into ~~new treatments for~~ TNBC is ongoing. ~~Current areas of research include~~ the ~~development~~ of ~~new chemotherapy drugs~~ and targeted therapies~~, as well as the investigation of potential genetic markers~~ for ~~the disease~~.		Research into TNBC is ongoing, with a focus on understanding the molecular and genetic basis of the disease. Studies are exploring the role of [[immunotherapy]], [[PARP inhibitors]], and other targeted therapies in treating TNBC. Clinical trials are crucial for developing new treatment strategies and improving survival rates.

			== Related pages ==
			* [[Breast cancer]]
			* [[Chemotherapy]]
			* [[Mastectomy]]
			* [[BRCA1]]

	[[Category:Breast cancer]]		[[Category:Breast cancer]]
	~~[[Category:Cancer]]~~
	[[Category:Oncology]]		[[Category:Oncology]]

	~~{{stub}}~~

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2024-02-25T06:33:32Z

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'''TNBC''' or '''Triple-negative breast cancer''' is a subtype of [[breast cancer]] that is characterized by the absence of three receptors: [[estrogen receptor]] (ER), [[progesterone receptor]] (PR), and [[human epidermal growth factor receptor 2]] (HER2/neu). These receptors are not expressed in TNBC, hence the term "triple-negative."

==Epidemiology==
TNBC accounts for approximately 15-20% of all [[breast cancer]] cases. It is more common in younger women, particularly those under the age of 40, and in women of African or Hispanic descent. It is also more prevalent in women with a [[BRCA1]] mutation.

==Clinical Features==
TNBC typically presents as a rapidly growing mass. It is more likely to metastasize and recur than other types of breast cancer. The most common sites of metastasis are the [[brain]], [[lungs]], and [[liver]].

==Diagnosis==
The diagnosis of TNBC is made by [[biopsy]] of the breast mass. The tissue is then analyzed for the presence of ER, PR, and HER2/neu receptors. If all three receptors are absent, the diagnosis of TNBC is made.

==Treatment==
The mainstay of treatment for TNBC is [[chemotherapy]]. Unlike other types of breast cancer, TNBC does not respond to hormonal therapy or therapies targeted at HER2/neu receptors. Surgery and radiation therapy may also be used in the treatment of TNBC.

==Prognosis==
The prognosis for TNBC is generally poorer than for other types of breast cancer. This is due to the aggressive nature of the disease and the lack of targeted therapies.

==Research==
Research into new treatments for TNBC is ongoing. Current areas of research include the development of new chemotherapy drugs and targeted therapies, as well as the investigation of potential genetic markers for the disease.

[[Category:Breast cancer]]
[[Category:Cancer]]
[[Category:Oncology]]

{{stub}}

TNBC - Revision history

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