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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[File:His296,_Asp345,_and_Ser441_catalytic_triad.png|thumb|His296,_Asp345,_and_Ser441_catalytic_triad.png]] {{Short description|Human gene encoding a protein involved in viral entry}}<br />
{{Infobox gene<br />
| name = TMPRSS2<br />
| symbol = TMPRSS2<br />
| HGNCid = 11876<br />
| OMIM = 602060<br />
| EntrezGene = 7113<br />
| Hgncid = 11876<br />
| RefSeq = NM_005656<br />
| UniProt = O15393<br />
| chromosome = 21<br />
| arm = q<br />
| band = 22.3<br />
}}<br />
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'''TMPRSS2''' ('''Transmembrane protease, serine 2''') is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the '''TMPRSS2''' [[gene]]. This gene is located on the long arm of [[chromosome 21]] at position 22.3.<br />
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== Function ==<br />
TMPRSS2 is a [[serine protease]] that is involved in the [[proteolytic]] processing of various proteins. It is known to play a crucial role in the [[activation]] of [[viral]] [[glycoproteins]], which facilitates the entry of viruses into host cells. This protein is particularly significant in the context of [[respiratory viruses]] such as [[influenza]] and [[coronaviruses]].<br />
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== Clinical Significance ==<br />
TMPRSS2 has gained considerable attention due to its role in the entry mechanism of the [[SARS-CoV-2]] virus, which causes [[COVID-19]]. The protein cleaves the [[spike protein]] of the virus, enabling it to fuse with the host cell membrane and initiate infection. Inhibitors of TMPRSS2 are being explored as potential therapeutic agents to prevent or treat COVID-19.<br />
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Additionally, TMPRSS2 is implicated in [[prostate cancer]]. The gene is often fused with the [[ERG]] gene in prostate cancer cells, leading to the overexpression of the ERG protein, which is associated with the progression of the disease.<br />
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== Expression ==<br />
TMPRSS2 is expressed in various tissues, with high levels in the [[prostate]], [[colon]], [[stomach]], and [[salivary glands]]. Its expression is regulated by [[androgens]], which are male sex hormones.<br />
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== Research ==<br />
Ongoing research is focused on understanding the detailed mechanisms by which TMPRSS2 facilitates viral entry and its potential as a target for antiviral therapies. Studies are also investigating the role of TMPRSS2-ERG fusions in prostate cancer and their implications for diagnosis and treatment.<br />
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== See also ==<br />
* [[Serine protease]]<br />
* [[SARS-CoV-2]]<br />
* [[Prostate cancer]]<br />
* [[Chromosome 21]]<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:Genes on human chromosome 21]]<br />
[[Category:Proteases]]<br />
[[Category:Prostate cancer]]<br />
[[Category:COVID-19]]<br />
[[Category:Human proteins]]<br />
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