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	~~'''~~TGF beta receptor 2''' (Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor II) is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''TGFBR2'' [[gene]]. It is a member of the [[serine/threonine protein kinase]] family and the [[TGF-beta receptor]] subfamily.		{{DISPLAYTITLE:TGF beta receptor 2}}

	== ~~Function~~ ==		== Overview ==
	The ~~protein encoded by this gene~~ is a transmembrane ~~protein~~ that ~~has~~ a ~~protein kinase domain, forms a heterodimeric complex with another receptor protein, and binds~~ TGF-~~beta~~. This receptor~~/ligand complex phosphorylates proteins, which then enter the nucleus and regulate the transcription of~~ a ~~subset~~ of ~~genes related to~~ cell ~~proliferation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with~~ [[~~Marfan syndrome~~]], [[~~Loeys-Dietz syndrome~~]], and ~~the development of various types of tumors~~.		[[File:PDB_1m9z_EBI.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px\|Structure of TGF beta receptor 2]]
			The '''TGF beta receptor 2''' (TGFBR2) is a transmembrane [[serine/threonine kinase]] that plays a critical role in the [[transforming growth factor beta]] (TGF-_) signaling pathway. This receptor is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including [[cell growth]], [[cell differentiation]], [[apoptosis]], and [[cellular homeostasis]].

	== Structure ==		== Structure ==
	TGF beta receptor 2 is a ~~single-pass type I membrane protein. It is a 70 kDa~~ transmembrane ~~homodimer with a cytoplasmic serine/threonine-specific protein~~ kinase domain. The extracellular domain is a ~~homodimer~~ with ~~a ligand binding pocket formed by~~ the ~~juxtaposition~~ of ~~the two subunits~~.		TGF beta receptor 2 is composed of an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular kinase domain. The extracellular domain is responsible for binding the TGF-_ ligand, while the intracellular domain transduces the signal through phosphorylation of downstream signaling molecules.

			== Function ==
			TGF beta receptor 2 functions as part of a receptor complex. Upon binding of TGF-_, TGFBR2 forms a heteromeric complex with [[TGF beta receptor 1]] (TGFBR1). This complex phosphorylates and activates [[SMAD proteins]], which then translocate to the nucleus to regulate the expression of target genes.

	== ~~Clinical significance~~ ==		== Signaling Pathway ==
	~~Mutations in~~ the ~~TGFBR2 gene are associated with aortic aneurysm~~ and ~~dissection~~, as ~~well as with syndromic forms of thoracic aortic aneurysm~~. ~~TGFBR2 mutations have also been implicated in non~~-~~syndromic peripheral~~ and ~~abdominal aortic aneurysms~~.		The TGF-_ signaling pathway is initiated when TGF-_ ligands bind to TGFBR2. This binding induces the recruitment and phosphorylation of TGFBR1. Activated TGFBR1 phosphorylates receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs), such as [[SMAD2]] and [[SMAD3]]. These R-SMADs form a complex with [[SMAD4]] and translocate to the nucleus to modulate gene expression.

	== ~~See also~~ ==		== Clinical Significance ==
	* [[TGF beta receptors]]		Mutations in the TGFBR2 gene have been associated with various diseases, including [[Marfan syndrome]], [[Loeys-Dietz syndrome]], and certain types of [[cancer]]. The receptor's role in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis makes it a critical factor in tumor suppression and progression.
	* [[TGF beta signaling pathway]]
	* [[Marfan syndrome]]
	* [[Loeys-Dietz syndrome]]

	== ~~References~~ ==		== Research and Therapeutic Implications ==
	~~<references />~~		Understanding the function and regulation of TGF beta receptor 2 is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for diseases associated with its dysfunction. Targeting the TGF-_ signaling pathway holds potential for treating fibrotic diseases, cancer, and other conditions involving aberrant cell signaling.

	== ~~External links~~ ==		== Related pages ==
	* [~~http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin~~/~~carddisp.pl?gene=TGFBR2 GeneCards - TGFBR2~~]		* [[Transforming growth factor beta]]
			* [[TGF beta receptor 1]]
			* [[SMAD proteins]]
			* [[Serine/threonine kinase]]

	[[Category:~~Proteins~~]]		[[Category:Receptors]]
	[[Category:~~Genes~~]]		[[Category:Signal transduction]]
	[[Category:Cell biology]]		[[Category:Cell biology]]
	~~[[Category:Human proteins]]~~
	~~{{protein-stub}}~~
	~~{{gene-stub}}~~

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2024-02-29T20:55:11Z

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'''TGF beta receptor 2''' (Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor II) is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''TGFBR2'' [[gene]]. It is a member of the [[serine/threonine protein kinase]] family and the [[TGF-beta receptor]] subfamily.

== Function ==
The protein encoded by this gene is a transmembrane protein that has a protein kinase domain, forms a heterodimeric complex with another receptor protein, and binds TGF-beta. This receptor/ligand complex phosphorylates proteins, which then enter the nucleus and regulate the transcription of a subset of genes related to cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with [[Marfan syndrome]], [[Loeys-Dietz syndrome]], and the development of various types of tumors.

== Structure ==
TGF beta receptor 2 is a single-pass type I membrane protein. It is a 70 kDa transmembrane homodimer with a cytoplasmic serine/threonine-specific protein kinase domain. The extracellular domain is a homodimer with a ligand binding pocket formed by the juxtaposition of the two subunits.

== Clinical significance ==
Mutations in the TGFBR2 gene are associated with aortic aneurysm and dissection, as well as with syndromic forms of thoracic aortic aneurysm. TGFBR2 mutations have also been implicated in non-syndromic peripheral and abdominal aortic aneurysms.

== See also ==
* [[TGF beta receptors]]
* [[TGF beta signaling pathway]]
* [[Marfan syndrome]]
* [[Loeys-Dietz syndrome]]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=TGFBR2 GeneCards - TGFBR2]

[[Category:Proteins]]
[[Category:Genes]]
[[Category:Cell biology]]
[[Category:Human proteins]]
{{protein-stub}}
{{gene-stub}}

TGF beta receptor 2 - Revision history

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