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	{{Short description\|A ~~comprehensive~~ review of research ~~literature}}~~		{{Short description\|A type of literature review that collects and critically analyzes multiple research studies or papers}}
	~~{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2023~~}}

	A '''systematic review''' is a ~~type~~ of ~~[[literature review]]~~ that ~~collects~~ and critically ~~analyzes~~ multiple research studies or papers. ~~Systematic reviews are designed to provide~~ a comprehensive ~~summary of~~ the ~~current evidence~~ on a ~~specific research question. They are~~ often used in the ~~field~~ of [[healthcare]] ~~to inform evidence-based practice~~ and ~~policy~~.		A '''systematic review''' is a form of research that aims to collect and critically analyze multiple research studies or papers. It is a comprehensive and structured approach to reviewing the existing literature on a particular topic, often used in the fields of [[healthcare]], [[social sciences]], and [[education]].

	==Purpose ~~and Importance~~==		==Purpose==
	~~Systematic reviews aim~~ to ~~minimize bias by using explicit~~, ~~systematic methods documented in advance with a protocol. This approach contrasts with traditional narrative reviews~~, ~~which can be more subjective. By synthesizing~~ the ~~results~~ of ~~multiple~~ studies, ~~systematic reviews can provide~~ more reliable ~~findings than individual studies alone~~.		The primary purpose of a systematic review is to identify, evaluate, and synthesize the findings of all relevant individual studies, thereby providing a more reliable and comprehensive understanding of a specific research question. This method is particularly valuable in [[evidence-based practice]], where decisions are made based on the best available evidence.

	==Methodology==		==Methodology==
	The process ~~of conducting a systematic review~~ involves several key steps:		Systematic reviews follow a rigorous and predefined methodology to minimize bias and ensure the reliability of the findings. The process typically involves several key steps:

	===Formulating the Research Question===		===Formulating the Research Question===
	The first step is to define ~~a clear and focused~~ research question. This often involves ~~specifying~~ the [[~~population~~]], ~~[[intervention]]~~, ~~[[comparison]]~~, and ~~[[outcome]] (PICO) criteria~~.		The first step in conducting a systematic review is to clearly define the research question. This often involves using the [[PICO framework]] (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) to ensure that the question is specific and answerable.

	===Developing a Protocol===		===Developing a Protocol===
	A protocol is developed ~~to outline~~ the methods that will be used ~~in the review. This includes~~ the criteria for including or excluding studies, the ~~search strategy~~, and the ~~methods~~ for data extraction and analysis.		A detailed protocol is developed before the review begins. This protocol outlines the methods that will be used, including the criteria for including and excluding studies, the databases to be searched, and the strategy for data extraction and analysis.

	===Literature Search===		===Literature Search===
	A comprehensive search of the literature is conducted ~~to identify all relevant studies. This typically involves searching~~ multiple [[databases]] such as [[PubMed]], [[Cochrane Library]], and ~~others~~.		A comprehensive search of the literature is conducted using multiple databases such as [[PubMed]], [[Cochrane Library]], and [[EMBASE]]. The search strategy is designed to capture all relevant studies, including unpublished data and grey literature.

	===Study Selection===		===Study Selection===
	Studies are selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. This process is often conducted by multiple reviewers to reduce bias.		Studies are selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. This process is often conducted by multiple reviewers to reduce bias and ensure consistency.

	===Data Extraction===		===Data Extraction===
	Data from the ~~included~~ studies are extracted using standardized forms. This ~~data~~ includes information on study design, participants, interventions, outcomes, and results.		Data from the selected studies are extracted using standardized forms. This includes information on study design, participants, interventions, outcomes, and results.

	[[File:Extraction_machine.gif\|Data extraction process\|thumb\|~~right~~]]		[[File:Extraction_machine.gif\|Data extraction process\|thumb\|left]]

	===Quality Assessment===		===Quality Assessment===
	The quality of the included studies is assessed using standardized tools. This assessment helps to determine the reliability of the findings.		The quality of the included studies is assessed using standardized tools such as the [[Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool]] or the [[GRADE system]]. This assessment helps to determine the reliability of the findings.

	===Data Synthesis===		===Data Synthesis===
	The data ~~from the included studies~~ are synthesized. This can ~~involve a~~ [[meta-analysis]], which ~~is a statistical technique for combining~~ the results of multiple studies.		The extracted data are synthesized to provide a summary of the evidence. This can be done using qualitative methods or quantitative methods such as [[meta-analysis]], which statistically combines the results of multiple studies.

	===Reporting ~~and Interpretation~~===		===Reporting===
	The findings of the systematic review are reported in a structured format~~. The implications~~ for ~~practice~~ and ~~future research are discussed~~.		The findings of the systematic review are reported in a structured format, often following guidelines such as [[PRISMA]] (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses).

	==~~Challenges and Limitations~~==		==Applications==
	Systematic reviews ~~can be time-consuming~~ and ~~resource-intensive~~. They ~~require careful planning and execution to ensure that the results are reliable. Additionally, the quality of~~ a ~~systematic review is dependent on the quality~~ of ~~the included studies~~.		Systematic reviews are widely used in [[clinical practice guidelines]], [[health technology assessment]], and [[policy making]]. They provide a high level of evidence that can inform decision-making and improve patient outcomes.

	~~==Applications==~~		[[File:Hierarchy_of_Evidence.png\|Hierarchy of evidence\|thumb\|right]]
	~~Systematic reviews are widely used in~~ [[evidence~~-based medicine]] to inform clinical guidelines and policy decisions. They are also used in other fields such as [[education~~]]~~, [[psychology]], and [[social sciences]].~~

	~~[[File:Hierarchy_of_Evidence~~.~~png\|Hierarchy~~ of ~~evidence\|thumb\|left]]~~		==Limitations==
			While systematic reviews are considered the gold standard in evidence synthesis, they have limitations. These include the potential for publication bias, the quality of the included studies, and the time and resources required to conduct a comprehensive review.

	==Related pages==		==Related pages==
	* [[Meta-analysis]]		* [[Meta-analysis]]
	* [[Randomized controlled trial]]		* [[Randomized controlled trial]]
	* [[Evidence-based ~~practice~~]]		* [[Evidence-based medicine]]
	* [[Cochrane Collaboration]]		* [[Cochrane Collaboration]]

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{{Short description|A comprehensive review of research literature}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}

A '''systematic review''' is a type of [[literature review]] that collects and critically analyzes multiple research studies or papers. Systematic reviews are designed to provide a comprehensive summary of the current evidence on a specific research question. They are often used in the field of [[healthcare]] to inform evidence-based practice and policy.

==Purpose and Importance==
Systematic reviews aim to minimize bias by using explicit, systematic methods documented in advance with a protocol. This approach contrasts with traditional narrative reviews, which can be more subjective. By synthesizing the results of multiple studies, systematic reviews can provide more reliable findings than individual studies alone.

==Methodology==
The process of conducting a systematic review involves several key steps:

===Formulating the Research Question===
The first step is to define a clear and focused research question. This often involves specifying the [[population]], [[intervention]], [[comparison]], and [[outcome]] (PICO) criteria.

===Developing a Protocol===
A protocol is developed to outline the methods that will be used in the review. This includes the criteria for including or excluding studies, the search strategy, and the methods for data extraction and analysis.

===Literature Search===
A comprehensive search of the literature is conducted to identify all relevant studies. This typically involves searching multiple [[databases]] such as [[PubMed]], [[Cochrane Library]], and others.

===Study Selection===
Studies are selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. This process is often conducted by multiple reviewers to reduce bias.

===Data Extraction===
Data from the included studies are extracted using standardized forms. This data includes information on study design, participants, interventions, outcomes, and results.

[[File:Extraction_machine.gif|Data extraction process|thumb|right]]

===Quality Assessment===
The quality of the included studies is assessed using standardized tools. This assessment helps to determine the reliability of the findings.

===Data Synthesis===
The data from the included studies are synthesized. This can involve a [[meta-analysis]], which is a statistical technique for combining the results of multiple studies.

===Reporting and Interpretation===
The findings of the systematic review are reported in a structured format. The implications for practice and future research are discussed.

==Challenges and Limitations==
Systematic reviews can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. They require careful planning and execution to ensure that the results are reliable. Additionally, the quality of a systematic review is dependent on the quality of the included studies.

==Applications==
Systematic reviews are widely used in [[evidence-based medicine]] to inform clinical guidelines and policy decisions. They are also used in other fields such as [[education]], [[psychology]], and [[social sciences]].

[[File:Hierarchy_of_Evidence.png|Hierarchy of evidence|thumb|left]]

==Related pages==
* [[Meta-analysis]]
* [[Randomized controlled trial]]
* [[Evidence-based practice]]
* [[Cochrane Collaboration]]

[[Category:Systematic review]]
[[Category:Research methods]]
[[Category:Evidence-based medicine]]

Systematic review - Revision history

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