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	{{Infobox person		[[File:Susan Sontag (1966 author photo - Against Interpretation).jpg\|thumb]] [[File:Against Interpretation (1966 1st ed dust jacket cover).jpg\|thumb]] [[File:SarajevoSiege2.JPG\|thumb]] [[File:Susan Sontag by Juan Bastos.JPG\|thumb]] {{Infobox person
	\| name = Susan Sontag		\| name = Susan Sontag
	~~\| image = Susan_Sontag.jpg~~		\| birth_date = January 16, 1933
	~~\| caption = Susan Sontag in 1979~~
	\| birth_date = ~~{{birth date\|~~1933~~\|1\|16}}~~
	\| birth_place = New York City, New York, U.S.		\| birth_place = New York City, New York, U.S.
	\| death_date = ~~{{death date and age\|~~2004~~\|12\|28\|1933\|1\|16}}~~		\| death_date = December 28, 2004
	\| death_place = New York City, New York, U.S.		\| death_place = New York City, New York, U.S.
	\| occupation = Writer, filmmaker, philosopher, teacher		\| occupation = Writer, filmmaker, philosopher, teacher
	\| notable_works = ''[[On Photography]]'', ''[[Illness as Metaphor]]'', ''[[Against Interpretation]]''		\| notable_works = ''On Photography'', ''Illness as Metaphor'', ''Against Interpretation''
	}}		}}

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	== Early Life and Education ==		== Early Life and Education ==
	Susan Sontag was born in New York City to Jack Rosenblatt and Mildred Jacobsen. Her father was a fur trader in China, and her mother was a teacher. ~~Sontag spent~~ her ~~early childhood in Tucson~~, ~~Arizona, and later moved to Los Angeles~~, ~~California. She attended North Hollywood High School~~ and ~~graduated at~~ the ~~age~~ of 15.		Susan Sontag was born in New York City to Jack Rosenblatt and Mildred Jacobsen. Her father was a fur trader in China, and her mother was a teacher. After her father's death, her mother remarried, and Susan took the surname of her stepfather, Nathan Sontag.

	Sontag ~~enrolled at~~ the [[University of California, Berkeley]] ~~but transferred~~ to the [[University of Chicago]], where she earned a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy at the age of 18. She continued her studies at [[Harvard University]], where she ~~obtained~~ a Master of Arts in ~~English~~ and ~~philosophy~~. ~~Sontag also studied at [[St Anne's College, Oxford]] and the [[University of Paris]]~~.		Sontag showed an early interest in literature and philosophy. She attended the [[University of California, Berkeley]] for a year before transferring to the [[University of Chicago]], where she earned a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy at the age of 18. She continued her studies at [[Harvard University]], where she earned a Master of Arts in philosophy and began work on a Ph.D. in literature.

	== Career ==		== Career ==
	Sontag's career began ~~with~~ the ~~publication of her~~ first ~~novel~~, ''~~The Benefactor~~'', in ~~1963~~. ~~However, she gained prominence with her~~ collection of essays, ~~''[[Against Interpretation]]'' (1966), which challenged~~ the ~~traditional approach~~ to ~~art criticism~~ and advocated for ~~a more direct engagement with~~ art.		Sontag's career as a writer began in earnest in the 1960s. Her first major work, ''Against Interpretation'', was published in 1966. This collection of essays established her as a leading voice in cultural criticism. In it, she argued against the reduction of art to its content and advocated for an "erotics of art."

	=== ~~Major Works~~ ===		=== On Photography ===
	* '''''Against Interpretation''''' (1966) - A collection of ~~essays that critiques the tendency to interpret art rather than experience it directly.~~		One of Sontag's most influential works is ''[[On Photography]]'' (1977), a collection of essays that explore the role of photography in modern society. Sontag examines how photography shapes our perception of reality and discusses the ethical implications of viewing suffering through photographs.
	* '''''On Photography~~'''~~'' (1977) ~~- A series~~ of essays ~~exploring~~ the role of photography in modern society~~, examining~~ how it shapes our perception of reality.
	* '''''Illness as Metaphor''''' (1978) - An analysis of the metaphors used to describe illness, particularly cancer and ~~tuberculosis, and how these metaphors affect patients and society.~~
	* '''''The Volcano Lover''''' (1992) - A historical novel about the ~~life~~ of ~~Sir William Hamilton, his wife Emma, and her lover, Admiral Horatio Nelson~~.

	=== ~~Filmmaking~~ ===		=== Illness as Metaphor ===
	Sontag ~~also ventured into filmmaking~~, ~~directing four films~~, ~~including~~ ''~~Duet for Cannibals~~'' (~~1969~~) and ''~~Brother Carl~~'' (~~1971~~). ~~Her~~ films ~~often explored themes of identity, politics~~, ~~and the human condition~~.		In ''[[Illness as Metaphor]]'' (1978), Sontag explores the metaphors and myths surrounding illness, particularly cancer and tuberculosis. She argues that these metaphors can stigmatize patients and obscure the reality of the diseases. This work was followed by ''AIDS and Its Metaphors'' (1989), which extended her analysis to the AIDS epidemic.

			=== Later Works ===
			Sontag continued to write and publish throughout her life. Her later works include novels such as ''The Volcano Lover'' (1992) and ''In America'' (1999), which won the [[National Book Award]]. She also directed films and wrote plays, demonstrating her versatility as an artist.

	== Personal Life ==		== Personal Life ==
	Sontag was known for her intellectual relationships and ~~her~~ long-term partnership with photographer [[Annie Leibovitz]]~~. She was a prominent figure in the New York intellectual scene and was involved in various political causes, including the anti-Vietnam War movement~~.		Sontag was known for her intellectual rigor and her passionate engagement with the world. She was openly bisexual and had relationships with both men and women, including a long-term partnership with photographer [[Annie Leibovitz]].

	== Legacy ==		== Legacy ==
	Susan Sontag's work continues to influence ~~contemporary thought on culture~~, ~~art~~, and ~~politics~~. Her essays ~~are studied~~ for ~~their incisive analysis~~ and ~~her~~ ability to ~~synthesize~~ complex ideas ~~into accessible prose. Sontag's exploration~~ of the ~~role~~ of the ~~intellectual in society remains relevant in discussions about the responsibilities of public intellectuals today~~.		Susan Sontag's work continues to influence writers, artists, and thinkers. Her essays remain a touchstone for discussions on art, culture, and politics. Sontag's ability to engage with complex ideas and communicate them to a broad audience has cemented her place as one of the most important intellectuals of the 20th century.

	== Also see ==		== Also see ==
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	* [[Cultural criticism]]		* [[Cultural criticism]]
	* [[Photography]]		* [[Photography]]
	* [[~~Intellectual history~~]]		* [[Philosophy of art]]

	{{Authority control}}		{{Authority control}}

	~~[[Category:1933 births]]~~
	~~[[Category:2004 deaths]]~~
	[[Category:American essayists]]		[[Category:American essayists]]
	[[Category:American novelists]]		[[Category:American novelists]]
	~~[[Category:American filmmakers]]~~
	[[Category:American philosophers]]		[[Category:American philosophers]]
	[[Category:~~Harvard University alumni~~]]		[[Category:1933 births]]
	[[Category:~~University of Chicago alumni~~]]		[[Category:2004 deaths]]

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{{Infobox person
| name = Susan Sontag
| image = Susan_Sontag.jpg
| caption = Susan Sontag in 1979
| birth_date = {{birth date|1933|1|16}}
| birth_place = New York City, New York, U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|2004|12|28|1933|1|16}}
| death_place = New York City, New York, U.S.
| occupation = Writer, filmmaker, philosopher, teacher
| notable_works = ''[[On Photography]]'', ''[[Illness as Metaphor]]'', ''[[Against Interpretation]]''
}}

'''Susan Sontag''' (January 16, 1933 – December 28, 2004) was an American writer, filmmaker, philosopher, and teacher. She became widely known for her essays on modern culture and her influential works on photography, illness, and the role of the intellectual in society.

== Early Life and Education ==
Susan Sontag was born in New York City to Jack Rosenblatt and Mildred Jacobsen. Her father was a fur trader in China, and her mother was a teacher. Sontag spent her early childhood in Tucson, Arizona, and later moved to Los Angeles, California. She attended North Hollywood High School and graduated at the age of 15.

Sontag enrolled at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] but transferred to the [[University of Chicago]], where she earned a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy at the age of 18. She continued her studies at [[Harvard University]], where she obtained a Master of Arts in English and philosophy. Sontag also studied at [[St Anne's College, Oxford]] and the [[University of Paris]].

== Career ==
Sontag's career began with the publication of her first novel, ''The Benefactor'', in 1963. However, she gained prominence with her collection of essays, ''[[Against Interpretation]]'' (1966), which challenged the traditional approach to art criticism and advocated for a more direct engagement with art.

=== Major Works ===
* '''''Against Interpretation''''' (1966) - A collection of essays that critiques the tendency to interpret art rather than experience it directly.
* '''''On Photography''''' (1977) - A series of essays exploring the role of photography in modern society, examining how it shapes our perception of reality.
* '''''Illness as Metaphor''''' (1978) - An analysis of the metaphors used to describe illness, particularly cancer and tuberculosis, and how these metaphors affect patients and society.
* '''''The Volcano Lover''''' (1992) - A historical novel about the life of Sir William Hamilton, his wife Emma, and her lover, Admiral Horatio Nelson.

=== Filmmaking ===
Sontag also ventured into filmmaking, directing four films, including ''Duet for Cannibals'' (1969) and ''Brother Carl'' (1971). Her films often explored themes of identity, politics, and the human condition.

== Personal Life ==
Sontag was known for her intellectual relationships and her long-term partnership with photographer [[Annie Leibovitz]]. She was a prominent figure in the New York intellectual scene and was involved in various political causes, including the anti-Vietnam War movement.

== Legacy ==
Susan Sontag's work continues to influence contemporary thought on culture, art, and politics. Her essays are studied for their incisive analysis and her ability to synthesize complex ideas into accessible prose. Sontag's exploration of the role of the intellectual in society remains relevant in discussions about the responsibilities of public intellectuals today.

== Also see ==
* [[Roland Barthes]]
* [[Walter Benjamin]]
* [[Cultural criticism]]
* [[Photography]]
* [[Intellectual history]]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:American essayists]]
[[Category:American novelists]]
[[Category:American filmmakers]]
[[Category:American philosophers]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Chicago alumni]]

Susan Sontag - Revision history

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