Surface Markings of the Back - Revision history

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	In order to identify any particular [[spinous process]] it is customary to count from the prominence caused by the seventh cervical and first [[thoracic]]; of these the latter is the more prominent. The root of the spine of the [[scapula]] is on a level with the tip of the spinous process of the third [[thoracic vertebra]], and the [[inferior]] angle with that of the seventh. The highest point of the [[iliac crest]] is on a level with the spinous process of the fourth [[lumbar]], and the posterior superior [[iliac]] spine with that of the second [[sacral]].		In order to identify any particular [[spinous process]] it is customary to count from the prominence caused by the seventh cervical and first [[thoracic]]; of these the latter is the more prominent. The root of the spine of the [[scapula]] is on a level with the tip of the spinous process of the third [[thoracic vertebra]], and the [[inferior]] angle with that of the seventh. The highest point of the [[iliac crest]] is on a level with the spinous process of the fourth [[lumbar]], and the posterior superior [[iliac]] spine with that of the second [[sacral]].

			[[File:Gray1212.png\|thumb\|FIG. 1212– Diagram showing the relation of the medulla spinalis to the dorsal surface of the trunk. The bones are outlined in red. (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')]]
	~~<center>http~~:~~//www~~.~~wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image1212.gif </center>~~


	FIG. 1212– Diagram showing the relation of the medulla spinalis to the dorsal surface of the trunk. The bones are outlined in red. (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')
	Level of body of No. of nerve. Level of tip of spine of Level of body of No. of nerve. Level of tip of spine of		Level of body of No. of nerve. Level of tip of spine of Level of body of No. of nerve. Level of tip of spine of

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	The [[transverse process]] of the [[atlas]] is about 1 cm. below and in front of the [[apex]] of the [[mastoid process]]. The transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra is opposite the [[cricoid cartilage]]; below it is the transverse process of the seventh and occasionally a cervical rib.		The [[transverse process]] of the [[atlas]] is about 1 cm. below and in front of the [[apex]] of the [[mastoid process]]. The transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra is opposite the [[cricoid cartilage]]; below it is the transverse process of the seventh and occasionally a cervical rib.

			[[File:Gray1213.png\|thumb\|FIG. 1213– Sagittal section of vertebral canal to show the lower end of the medulla spinalis and the flum terminale. (Testut.) ''[[Li, Lv]]'' First and fifth lumbar vertebra. ''[[S\??\]]'' Second sacral vertebra. 1. Dura mater. 2. Lower part of subarachnoid cavity. 3. Lower extremity of medulla spinalis. 4. Filum terminale internum, and 5. Filum terminale externum. 6. Attachment of filum terminale to first segment of cooccyx. (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')]]

	~~<center>http://www.wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image1213.gif </center>~~		[[File:Gray1214.png\|thumb\|FIG. 1214– Scheme showing the relations of the regions of attachment of the spinal nerves to the vertebral spinous processes. (After Reid.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')]]


	~~FIG. 1213– Sagittal section of vertebral canal to show the lower end of the medulla spinalis and the flum terminale. (Testut.) ''~~[[Li, Lv]]'' First and fifth lumbar vertebra. ''[[S\??\]]'' Second sacral vertebra. 1. Dura mater. 2. Lower part of subarachnoid cavity. 3. Lower extremity of medulla spinalis. 4. Filum terminale internum, and 5. Filum terminale externum. 6. Attachment of filum terminale to first segment of cooccyx. (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')


	~~<center>http~~:~~//www.wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image1214~~.~~gif </center>~~


	FIG. 1214– Scheme showing the relations of the regions of attachment of the spinal nerves to the vertebral spinous processes. (After Reid.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')

Deepika vegiraju at 07:46, 12 June 2020

2020-06-12T07:46:26Z

New page

[[Anatomy]] > [[Gray's Anatomy| Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body]] > XII. Surface Anatomy and Surface Markings > 4. Surface Markings of the Back

[[Henry Gray]] (1821–1865). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.

=='''Surface Markings of the Back'''==

==='''Bony Landmarks'''===
In order to identify any particular [[spinous process]] it is customary to count from the prominence caused by the seventh cervical and first [[thoracic]]; of these the latter is the more prominent. The root of the spine of the [[scapula]] is on a level with the tip of the spinous process of the third [[thoracic vertebra]], and the [[inferior]] angle with that of the seventh. The highest point of the [[iliac crest]] is on a level with the spinous process of the fourth [[lumbar]], and the posterior superior [[iliac]] spine with that of the second [[sacral]].

<center>http://www.wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image1212.gif </center>

FIG. 1212– Diagram showing the relation of the medulla spinalis to the dorsal surface of the trunk. The bones are outlined in red. (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')
Level of body of No. of nerve. Level of tip of spine of Level of body of No. of nerve. Level of tip of spine of

C.1 C.1

T.8 T.9 7 T.

2 2

9 10 8

3 1 C. 10 11 9

3 4 2

12 10

4 5 3 11 L. 1 11
5 6 4

2

6 7 5 12 3

8 6

4 12

7 T. 1 7

5

T. 1 2 1 T.

S. 1

2 3

L. 1 2

3 4 2

3

4 5 3

4 1 L.

5 6 4

5

6 7 5

C. 1

7 8 6 L. 2

The [[transverse process]] of the [[atlas]] is about 1 cm. below and in front of the [[apex]] of the [[mastoid process]]. The transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra is opposite the [[cricoid cartilage]]; below it is the transverse process of the seventh and occasionally a cervical rib.

<center>http://www.wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image1213.gif </center>

FIG. 1213– Sagittal section of vertebral canal to show the lower end of the medulla spinalis and the flum terminale. (Testut.) ''[[Li, Lv]]'' First and fifth lumbar vertebra. ''[[S\??\]]'' Second sacral vertebra. 1. Dura mater. 2. Lower part of subarachnoid cavity. 3. Lower extremity of medulla spinalis. 4. Filum terminale internum, and 5. Filum terminale externum. 6. Attachment of filum terminale to first segment of cooccyx. (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')

<center>http://www.wikimd.org/images/gray/large/image1214.gif </center>

FIG. 1214– Scheme showing the relations of the regions of attachment of the spinal nerves to the vertebral spinous processes. (After Reid.) (''Picture From the Classic Gray's Anatomy'')

==='''Medulla Spinalis'''===
The position of the lower end of the medulla spinalis varies slightly with the movements of the vertebral column, but, in the adult, in the upright posture it is usually at the level of the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra (Fig. 1212); at birth it lies at the level of the fourth lumbar.

The '''[[subdural]]''' and '''[[subarachnoid cavities]]''' end below opposite the spinous process of the third sacral vertebra (Fig. 1213).

==='''Spinal Nerves (Fig. 1214)'''===
The table on page 1305, after Macalister, shows the relations which the places of attachment of the nerves to the medulla spinalis present to the bodies and spinous processes of the vertebrae.

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