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[[File:Sulawesi_map.PNG|Sulawesi map|thumb]] [[File:Tangkoko_National_Park,_North_Sulawesi,_Indonesia.jpg|Tangkoko National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia|thumb|left]] [[File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Paalwoning_Sulawesi_TMnr_10021564.jpg|COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Paalwoning Sulawesi TMnr 10021564|thumb|left]] [[File:Tokalalaea_Megalith_2007.jpg|Tokalalaea Megalith 2007|thumb]] [[File:Hands_in_Pettakere_Cave.jpg|Hands in Pettakere Cave|thumb]] [[File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Lokaal_hoofd_van_de_eilanden_ten_zuiden_van_Celebes_TMnr_10001613.jpg|COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Lokaal hoofd van de eilanden ten zuiden van Celebes TMnr 10001613|thumb]] '''Sulawesi''' is one of the four Greater [[Sunda Islands]], located in the central part of the [[Indonesia|Indonesian]] archipelago. It is the world's eleventh-largest [[island]], covering an area of nearly 174,600 square kilometers. Sulawesi is unique for its complex shape, resembling an orchid or a letter "K", which has given it a highly diversified range of [[coastline]]s and environments. The island is surrounded by the [[Celebes Sea]] to the north, the [[Molucca Sea]] to the northeast, the [[Banda Sea]] to the southeast, and the [[Makassar Strait]] to the west, separating it from [[Borneo]].

== Geography ==
Sulawesi's geography is characterized by its four large peninsulas: the Minahasa or North Peninsula, the East Peninsula, the South Peninsula, and the Southeast Peninsula. These peninsulas are separated by deep bays, with the [[Gulf of Tomini]] between the northern and eastern peninsulas, the [[Tolo Gulf]] on the southeast, and the [[Bone Gulf]] between the south and southeast peninsulas. The interior of Sulawesi is rugged and mountainous, with the highest peak being [[Mount Rantemario]] at 3,478 meters above sea level, making it one of the highest mountains in Indonesia.

The island has a diverse range of ecosystems, from mangrove forests along the coast to tropical rainforests in the interior and mountainous areas. These ecosystems are home to a unique array of [[flora and fauna]], including many endemic species. Sulawesi's biodiversity is significant, with a notable number of endemic species such as the [[Sulawesi dwarf buffalo]] (Anoa), the [[Sulawesi crested macaque]], and the [[Maleo]], a bird that uses geothermal heat to incubate its eggs.

== History ==
Sulawesi has a rich history that dates back to prehistoric times, with evidence of human habitation as early as 30,000 years ago. The island was an important trading center in the region, with its strategic location making it a hub for the spice trade. The [[Bugis]], [[Makassar]], and [[Toraja]] peoples are among the indigenous ethnic groups that have inhabited Sulawesi for centuries, each with their unique cultures, languages, and traditions.

In the 16th century, Sulawesi came under the influence of the [[Majapahit Empire]] and later became a focal point for European colonial interests. The [[Portuguese]] were the first Europeans to arrive, followed by the [[Dutch]], who eventually established control over the island. Sulawesi was an important part of the Dutch East Indies until Indonesia declared its independence in 1945.

== Economy ==
The economy of Sulawesi is diverse, with agriculture, fishing, and mining being the main sectors. The island is a significant producer of [[cocoa]], [[coffee]], and [[coconut]], with agriculture employing a large portion of the population. Sulawesi is also rich in minerals, including nickel, gold, and coal. In recent years, tourism has become an increasingly important sector, with the island's unique culture, biodiversity, and natural beauty attracting visitors from around the world.

== Culture ==
Sulawesi is renowned for its cultural diversity, with several ethnic groups each having their distinct traditions, languages, and arts. The [[Toraja]] people, for example, are known for their elaborate funeral rites, traditional houses known as Tongkonan, and wood carvings. The Bugis and Makassar peoples are famous for their maritime skills, traditional silk weaving, and the Phinisi, a traditional sailing ship.

== Challenges ==
Despite its natural and cultural riches, Sulawesi faces several challenges, including environmental degradation, deforestation, and the threat to its endemic species due to habitat loss and hunting. The island is also prone to natural disasters, such as earthquakes and tsunamis, due to its location on the Pacific "Ring of Fire."

== Conclusion ==
Sulawesi stands as a testament to Indonesia's incredible biodiversity and cultural diversity. Its unique geography, rich history, and vibrant cultures make it an essential part of the Indonesian archipelago. Efforts to preserve its natural and cultural heritage are crucial for its sustainable development and for maintaining its biodiversity and cultural traditions for future generations.

[[Category:Indonesia]]
[[Category:Islands of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Sulawesi]]

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Sulawesi - Revision history

Prab: CSV import