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[[File:Gray891.png|thumb|Gray891]] '''Sub-Tenon injection''' is a medical procedure involving the administration of medication into the space surrounding the [[eye]], known as the Tenon's capsule. This technique is primarily used for delivering [[anesthetics]] and [[steroids]] directly to the eye and its surrounding structures for therapeutic purposes. The procedure is commonly indicated for treating various [[ocular conditions]], including [[inflammation]], [[macular edema]], and for providing anesthesia during [[eye surgery]].

==Procedure==
The Sub-Tenon injection involves a minimally invasive technique where a small incision is made to expose the Tenon's capsule, a thin membrane enveloping the eyeball. A blunt cannula or needle is then inserted into the space created to administer the medication. The procedure is typically performed under topical or local anesthesia to ensure patient comfort. Due to its targeted approach, Sub-Tenon injections allow for higher concentrations of medication to be delivered directly to the affected area, enhancing therapeutic outcomes while minimizing systemic side effects.

==Indications==
Sub-Tenon injections are indicated for a variety of ocular conditions, including:
* [[Uveitis]]: Inflammation of the uveal tract of the eye.
* [[Macular edema]]: Swelling or thickening of the macula, leading to vision impairment.
* Post-operative inflammation: To reduce inflammation following eye surgery.
* Anesthesia: Provides effective local anesthesia during ocular surgeries.

==Advantages==
The Sub-Tenon injection offers several advantages over other ocular drug delivery methods:
* Targeted delivery of medication to the eye and surrounding structures.
* Reduced systemic absorption, minimizing the risk of side effects.
* Prolonged drug action due to localized administration.
* Suitable for patients who are not candidates for systemic therapy.

==Risks and Complications==
While generally safe, Sub-Tenon injections can be associated with certain risks and complications, such as:
* Hemorrhage: Bleeding in the injection site.
* Globe perforation: Accidental puncture of the eyeball.
* Infection: Risk of introducing pathogens during the procedure.
* Elevated intraocular pressure: Increase in pressure within the eye.

==Conclusion==
Sub-Tenon injections represent a valuable technique in the management of various ocular conditions, offering targeted therapy with a favorable safety profile. However, like all medical procedures, it is essential to weigh the benefits against the potential risks and complications. Patients should discuss with their [[ophthalmologist]] to determine if Sub-Tenon injections are appropriate for their specific condition.

[[Category:Ophthalmology]]
[[Category:Medical procedures]]
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Sub-Tenon injection - Revision history

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