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'''Strophanthin''' is a [[cardiac glycoside]] derived from the seeds of certain African plants belonging to the genera ''[[Strophanthus]]'' and ''[[Acokanthera]]''. It has been historically used for its potent effects on the heart, particularly in the treatment of [[heart failure]] and certain types of [[arrhythmia]]s.

==History==
Strophanthin was first isolated in the late 19th century and was used as a [[cardiotonic]] agent. It was particularly noted for its rapid onset of action when administered intravenously. The use of strophanthin has declined with the advent of more modern [[cardiac medications]].

==Chemical Composition==
Strophanthin is a complex molecule that belongs to the class of [[cardiac glycosides]]. These compounds exert their effects by inhibiting the [[sodium-potassium ATPase]] pump, leading to an increase in intracellular [[calcium]] concentrations in [[cardiac muscle]] cells. This results in increased force of contraction of the heart muscle.

==Medical Uses==
Strophanthin has been used in the treatment of:
* [[Heart failure]]
* Certain types of [[arrhythmia]]s

However, due to its narrow therapeutic index and the availability of safer alternatives, its use in modern medicine is limited.

==Mechanism of Action==
Strophanthin works by inhibiting the [[sodium-potassium ATPase]] pump, which leads to an increase in intracellular [[sodium]] levels. This, in turn, affects the [[sodium-calcium exchanger]], leading to an increase in intracellular [[calcium]] levels. The increased calcium enhances the contractility of the [[heart muscle]].

==Side Effects==
The use of strophanthin can lead to several side effects, including:
* [[Nausea]]
* [[Vomiting]]
* [[Diarrhea]]
* [[Arrhythmia]]s
* [[Electrolyte imbalance]]

==Toxicity==
Strophanthin has a narrow therapeutic index, meaning the range between an effective dose and a toxic dose is small. Symptoms of strophanthin toxicity include severe [[arrhythmia]]s, [[gastrointestinal distress]], and [[electrolyte imbalance]].

==Related Compounds==
Strophanthin is related to other [[cardiac glycosides]] such as [[digoxin]] and [[ouabain]], which are also used to treat heart conditions but have different pharmacokinetic properties.

==See Also==
* [[Cardiac glycoside]]
* [[Heart failure]]
* [[Arrhythmia]]
* [[Digoxin]]
* [[Ouabain]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External Links==
{{Wiktionary|strophanthin}}

[[Category:Cardiac glycosides]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Pharmacology]]

{{medicine-stub}}

Strophanthin - Revision history

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