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	~~'''Stellate cell'''~~		[[File:Diagram of the Microanatomy of Human Cerebellar Cortex.svg \|thumb]] {{Medical resources}}

	~~[[File:~~Stellate ~~cell.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A stellate cell is a type of cell that is found in the liver and the pancreas.]]~~		== Stellate Cell ==

	A '''stellate cell''' is a type of cell ~~that is~~ found in the ~~[[liver]]~~ and the ~~[[pancreas]]. These~~ cells ~~play a crucial role~~ in ~~the body's response to injury~~ and disease~~, particularly in the development of [[fibrosis]] and [[cirrhosis]] of the liver~~.		A '''stellate cell''' is a type of cell characterized by its star-like shape, with multiple radiating processes. Stellate cells are found in various tissues throughout the body and serve different functions depending on their location. This article will explore the different types of stellate cells, their functions, and their significance in health and disease.

	==~~Structure~~==		== Types of Stellate Cells ==

	Stellate cells are ~~star-shaped~~, ~~hence their name~~, ~~which is derived from the Latin word for star~~, ~~"stella"~~. ~~They are located in the space~~ of ~~Disse, a small area between the [[sinusoids]] and [[hepatocytes]] in the liver,~~ and ~~in the periacinar space in the pancreas~~.		Stellate cells are found in several organs, including the liver, pancreas, and brain. Each type of stellate cell has unique characteristics and functions.

	==~~Function~~==		=== Hepatic Stellate Cells ===

	In the liver, ~~stellate~~ cells are responsible for ~~the storage of [[~~vitamin A]] and the ~~production of [[~~extracellular matrix~~]] proteins~~. ~~When the~~ liver ~~is damaged~~, ~~these cells~~ transform into ~~myofibroblasts~~, ~~which produce~~ collagen and other ~~proteins that contribute to the formation of scar tissue~~.		[[Hepatic stellate cells]] (HSCs), also known as Ito cells or lipocytes, are located in the perisinusoidal space of the liver, known as the space of Disse. These cells are primarily responsible for storing vitamin A in lipid droplets. In a healthy liver, HSCs are quiescent and maintain the extracellular matrix. However, upon liver injury, they become activated and transform into myofibroblast-like cells, contributing to liver fibrosis by producing excess collagen and other extracellular matrix components.

	In the pancreas, stellate cells are involved in the development of [[pancreatitis]] and [[pancreatic cancer]]. They produce inflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines, which can lead to the progression of these diseases.		=== Pancreatic Stellate Cells ===

	~~==Clinical significance==~~		[[Pancreatic stellate cells]] (PSCs) are found in the pancreas and play a role in the organ's fibrotic response to injury. Similar to hepatic stellate cells, PSCs are activated in response to pancreatic damage, such as that caused by chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer. Activated PSCs secrete extracellular matrix proteins, leading to fibrosis, which can impair pancreatic function.

	Stellate cells are a target for the treatment of liver diseases such as cirrhosis and fibrosis. Drugs that can inhibit the activation of stellate cells or promote their apoptosis (cell death) are currently being researched.		=== Cerebellar Stellate Cells ===

	==~~See also~~==		[[Cerebellar stellate cells]] are interneurons located in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. These cells are involved in modulating the output of Purkinje cells, which are the primary output neurons of the cerebellar cortex. Stellate cells in the cerebellum form inhibitory synapses with Purkinje cell dendrites, playing a crucial role in the fine-tuning of motor coordination and learning.

			== Functions of Stellate Cells ==

			The functions of stellate cells vary depending on their location:

			* '''Liver:''' In the liver, stellate cells are involved in vitamin A storage and liver fibrosis. They play a critical role in the liver's response to injury and repair.
			* '''Pancreas:''' In the pancreas, stellate cells contribute to the fibrotic response, which can affect pancreatic function and is implicated in diseases such as pancreatic cancer.
			* '''Cerebellum:''' In the cerebellum, stellate cells modulate the activity of Purkinje cells, influencing motor control and coordination.

			== Clinical Significance ==

			Stellate cells are significant in the context of various diseases:

			* '''Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis:''' Activation of hepatic stellate cells is a key event in the development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, conditions that can lead to liver failure.
			* '''Pancreatic Cancer:''' Pancreatic stellate cells contribute to the desmoplastic reaction in pancreatic cancer, creating a dense fibrotic stroma that can affect tumor progression and response to therapy.
			* '''Neurological Disorders:''' Dysfunction of cerebellar stellate cells can impact motor coordination and is implicated in certain neurological disorders.

			== Also see ==

	* [[Hepatic stellate cell]]
	* [[Pancreatic stellate cell]]
	* [[Fibrosis]]		* [[Fibrosis]]
	* [[~~Cirrhosis~~]]		* [[Liver cirrhosis]]
			* [[Pancreatic cancer]]
			* [[Cerebellum]]
			* [[Extracellular matrix]]

	==References==		== References ==

	~~<references />~~		{{Reflist}}

	[[Category:Cell biology]]		[[Category:Cell biology]]
	[[Category:Hepatology]]		[[Category:Hepatology]]
	[[Category:~~Gastroenterology~~]]		[[Category:Neuroscience]]
	[[Category:~~Anatomy~~]]		[[Category:Pancreatology]]

	~~{{anatomy-stub}}~~

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'''Stellate cell'''

[[File:Stellate cell.jpg|thumb|right|A stellate cell is a type of cell that is found in the liver and the pancreas.]]

A '''stellate cell''' is a type of cell that is found in the [[liver]] and the [[pancreas]]. These cells play a crucial role in the body's response to injury and disease, particularly in the development of [[fibrosis]] and [[cirrhosis]] of the liver.

==Structure==

Stellate cells are star-shaped, hence their name, which is derived from the Latin word for star, "stella". They are located in the space of Disse, a small area between the [[sinusoids]] and [[hepatocytes]] in the liver, and in the periacinar space in the pancreas.

==Function==

In the liver, stellate cells are responsible for the storage of [[vitamin A]] and the production of [[extracellular matrix]] proteins. When the liver is damaged, these cells transform into myofibroblasts, which produce collagen and other proteins that contribute to the formation of scar tissue.

In the pancreas, stellate cells are involved in the development of [[pancreatitis]] and [[pancreatic cancer]]. They produce inflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines, which can lead to the progression of these diseases.

==Clinical significance==

Stellate cells are a target for the treatment of liver diseases such as cirrhosis and fibrosis. Drugs that can inhibit the activation of stellate cells or promote their apoptosis (cell death) are currently being researched.

==See also==

* [[Hepatic stellate cell]]
* [[Pancreatic stellate cell]]
* [[Fibrosis]]
* [[Cirrhosis]]

==References==

<references />

[[Category:Cell biology]]
[[Category:Hepatology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Anatomy]]

{{anatomy-stub}}

Stellate cell - Revision history

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