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	~~'''Spinal Column'''~~		{{Short description\|Anatomical structure of the vertebral column}}

	The '''spinal column''', also known as the '''vertebral column''' or '''backbone''', is a complex structure in the [[human body~~]] that~~ plays a crucial role in ~~supporting the body and~~ protecting the [[spinal cord]]~~. It is composed of a series of [[bone\|bones]] known~~ as ~~[[vertebrae]], which are separated by [[intervertebral disc\|intervertebral discs]]~~.		The '''spinal column''', also known as the '''vertebral column''' or '''backbone''', is a complex structure that provides support and flexibility to the human body. It is a central feature of the axial skeleton and plays a crucial role in protecting the [[spinal cord]], supporting the head, and serving as an attachment point for ribs and muscles.

	==~~Structure~~==		==Anatomy of the Spinal Column==
			The spinal column is composed of 33 vertebrae, which are divided into five distinct regions:
	The spinal column is divided into five regions: ~~the [[cervical spine]], the [[thoracic spine]], the [[lumbar spine]], the [[sacrum]], and the [[coccyx]]. Each region has a different number of vertebrae and serves a unique function.~~

	===Cervical Spine===		===Cervical Spine===
			[[File:Cervical vertebrae lateral2.png\|thumb\|right\|Cervical vertebrae]]
	The cervical spine ~~is located in the neck and~~ consists of seven vertebrae~~, labeled~~ C1 to C7. The first two vertebrae, C1 and C2, are specialized to allow for a ~~greater~~ range of ~~motion in~~ the ~~neck~~.		The cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae (C1-C7) located in the neck. The first two vertebrae, the [[atlas (C1)]] and [[axis (C2)]], are specialized to allow for a wide range of head movements. The cervical spine supports the skull and enables nodding and rotation of the head.

	===Thoracic Spine===		===Thoracic Spine===
			[[File:Gray90.png\|thumb\|left\|Thoracic vertebrae]]
	The thoracic spine is located in the ~~chest area~~ and ~~consists~~ of ~~12 vertebrae~~, ~~labeled T1 to T12~~. ~~These vertebrae are larger~~ than the cervical ~~vertebrae and have facets for~~ the ~~attachment of the [[~~rib ~~cage]]~~.		The thoracic spine is made up of twelve vertebrae (T1-T12) and is located in the upper and mid-back. Each thoracic vertebra articulates with a pair of ribs, forming the rib cage that protects vital organs such as the heart and lungs. The thoracic spine is less mobile than the cervical spine due to the rib attachments.

	===Lumbar Spine===		===Lumbar Spine===
			The lumbar spine consists of five vertebrae (L1-L5) in the lower back. These vertebrae are larger and stronger than those in the cervical and thoracic regions, as they bear the weight of the upper body and provide stability and flexibility for movements such as bending and twisting.
	The lumbar spine ~~is located in the lower back and~~ consists of five vertebrae~~, labeled~~ L1 to L5. These vertebrae are ~~the largest~~ and ~~strongest~~ in the ~~spinal column~~, as they ~~carry~~ the ~~most~~ weight.

	===Sacrum===		===Sacrum===
			The sacrum is a triangular bone formed by the fusion of five sacral vertebrae (S1-S5). It connects the spine to the [[pelvis]] and forms the posterior part of the pelvic girdle. The sacrum is a key structure in transferring weight from the upper body to the lower limbs.

	The ~~sacrum~~ is ~~a triangular bone located at the base~~ of ~~the spine~~. It is ~~formed by~~ the ~~fusion~~ of ~~five sacral vertebrae~~.		===Coccyx===
			The coccyx, or tailbone, is composed of three to five fused vertebrae. It is the remnant of a vestigial tail and serves as an attachment point for ligaments and muscles of the pelvic floor.

	==~~=Coccyx=~~==		==Function of the Spinal Column==
			The spinal column serves several vital functions:

	~~The coccyx, also known as~~ the ~~tailbone~~, ~~is the final segment~~ of the ~~vertebral column~~. It ~~is formed by~~ the ~~fusion~~ of ~~four coccygeal~~ vertebrae.		* '''Protection''': It encases and protects the spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system.
			* '''Support''': It provides structural support for the body, allowing humans to stand upright and maintain balance.
			* '''Movement''': It enables a wide range of movements, including bending, twisting, and rotating.
			* '''Shock Absorption''': Intervertebral discs act as shock absorbers, cushioning the vertebrae during activities such as walking, running, and jumping.

	==~~Function~~==		==Intervertebral Discs==
			[[File:Gray301.png\|thumb\|right\|Intervertebral disc]]
			Intervertebral discs are fibrocartilaginous cushions located between adjacent vertebrae. Each disc consists of a tough outer layer called the annulus fibrosus and a gel-like center known as the nucleus pulposus. These discs allow for flexibility and act as shock absorbers, distributing loads across the spine.

	~~The primary function~~ of the ~~spinal column is to protect the spinal cord, which is the main pathway for communication between the brain and the rest of~~ the ~~body. The~~ spinal column ~~also provides structural support for the body, allowing us to stand upright, bend~~, ~~and twist.~~		==Common Disorders of the Spinal Column==
			Several conditions can affect the spinal column, including:

	~~==Clinical Significance==~~		* '''[[Herniated disc]]''': Occurs when the nucleus pulposus protrudes through a tear in the annulus fibrosus, potentially compressing nearby nerves.
			* '''[[Scoliosis]]''': A lateral curvature of the spine that can lead to discomfort and reduced mobility.
			* '''[[Osteoporosis]]''': A condition characterized by weakened bones, increasing the risk of fractures in the vertebrae.
			* '''[[Spinal stenosis]]''': Narrowing of the spinal canal, which can compress the spinal cord and nerves, causing pain and neurological symptoms.

	~~Conditions affecting the spinal column can have significant impacts on a person's quality of life. These conditions include~~ [[~~spinal stenosis~~]], [[~~herniated~~ disc]], [[~~scoliosis~~]]~~, and~~ [[~~spinal cord injury~~]].		==Related Pages==
			* [[Spinal cord]]
			* [[Intervertebral disc]]
			* [[Scoliosis]]
			* [[Osteoporosis]]

	[[Category:Anatomy]]		[[Category:Anatomy]]
	[[Category:~~Orthopedics~~]]		[[Category:Musculoskeletal system]]
	~~[[Category:Neurology]]~~

	~~{{stub}}~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Illu_vertebral_column.svg\|Spinal_column~~
	~~File:Anatomy_and_physiology_of_animals_Regions_of_a_vertebral_column.svg\|Spinal_column~~
	~~File:Gray_111_-_Vertebral_column-coloured.png\|Spinal_column~~
	~~File:Dermatoms_alt.svg\|Spinal_column~~
	~~File:ACDF_oblique_annotated_english.svg\|Spinal_column~~
	~~File:718_Vertebra-en.svg\|Spinal_column~~
	~~File:Spine_Adult_Male_Age_57.png\|Spinal_column~~
	~~File:Lateral_lumbar_x_ray.jpg\|Spinal_column~~
	~~File:Spinal_cord_direv.svg\|Spinal_column~~
	~~File:3D_Medical_Animation_Spina_Bifida.jpg\|Spinal_column~~
	~~File:Child_teenager_--_Smart-Servier_(cropped).jpg\|Spinal_column~~
	~~File:Surface_projections_of_the_organs_of_the_trunk.png\|Spinal_column~~
	~~</gallery>~~

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	{{stub}}		{{stub}}
			<gallery>
			File:Illu_vertebral_column.svg\|Spinal_column
			File:Anatomy_and_physiology_of_animals_Regions_of_a_vertebral_column.svg\|Spinal_column
			File:Gray_111_-_Vertebral_column-coloured.png\|Spinal_column
			File:Dermatoms_alt.svg\|Spinal_column
			File:ACDF_oblique_annotated_english.svg\|Spinal_column
			File:718_Vertebra-en.svg\|Spinal_column
			File:Spine_Adult_Male_Age_57.png\|Spinal_column
			File:Lateral_lumbar_x_ray.jpg\|Spinal_column
			File:Spinal_cord_direv.svg\|Spinal_column
			File:3D_Medical_Animation_Spina_Bifida.jpg\|Spinal_column
			File:Child_teenager_--_Smart-Servier_(cropped).jpg\|Spinal_column
			File:Surface_projections_of_the_organs_of_the_trunk.png\|Spinal_column
			</gallery>

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New page

'''Spinal Column'''

The '''spinal column''', also known as the '''vertebral column''' or '''backbone''', is a complex structure in the [[human body]] that plays a crucial role in supporting the body and protecting the [[spinal cord]]. It is composed of a series of [[bone|bones]] known as [[vertebrae]], which are separated by [[intervertebral disc|intervertebral discs]].

==Structure==

The spinal column is divided into five regions: the [[cervical spine]], the [[thoracic spine]], the [[lumbar spine]], the [[sacrum]], and the [[coccyx]]. Each region has a different number of vertebrae and serves a unique function.

===Cervical Spine===

The cervical spine is located in the neck and consists of seven vertebrae, labeled C1 to C7. The first two vertebrae, C1 and C2, are specialized to allow for a greater range of motion in the neck.

===Thoracic Spine===

The thoracic spine is located in the chest area and consists of 12 vertebrae, labeled T1 to T12. These vertebrae are larger than the cervical vertebrae and have facets for the attachment of the [[rib cage]].

===Lumbar Spine===

The lumbar spine is located in the lower back and consists of five vertebrae, labeled L1 to L5. These vertebrae are the largest and strongest in the spinal column, as they carry the most weight.

===Sacrum===

The sacrum is a triangular bone located at the base of the spine. It is formed by the fusion of five sacral vertebrae.

===Coccyx===

The coccyx, also known as the tailbone, is the final segment of the vertebral column. It is formed by the fusion of four coccygeal vertebrae.

==Function==

The primary function of the spinal column is to protect the spinal cord, which is the main pathway for communication between the brain and the rest of the body. The spinal column also provides structural support for the body, allowing us to stand upright, bend, and twist.

==Clinical Significance==

Conditions affecting the spinal column can have significant impacts on a person's quality of life. These conditions include [[spinal stenosis]], [[herniated disc]], [[scoliosis]], and [[spinal cord injury]].

[[Category:Anatomy]]
[[Category:Orthopedics]]
[[Category:Neurology]]

{{stub}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:08, 18 February 2025
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	{{stub}}		{{stub}}
			<gallery>
			File:Illu_vertebral_column.svg\|Spinal_column
			File:Anatomy_and_physiology_of_animals_Regions_of_a_vertebral_column.svg\|Spinal_column
			File:Gray_111_-_Vertebral_column-coloured.png\|Spinal_column
			File:Dermatoms_alt.svg\|Spinal_column
			File:ACDF_oblique_annotated_english.svg\|Spinal_column
			File:718_Vertebra-en.svg\|Spinal_column
			File:Spine_Adult_Male_Age_57.png\|Spinal_column
			File:Lateral_lumbar_x_ray.jpg\|Spinal_column
			File:Spinal_cord_direv.svg\|Spinal_column
			File:3D_Medical_Animation_Spina_Bifida.jpg\|Spinal_column
			File:Child_teenager_--_Smart-Servier_(cropped).jpg\|Spinal_column
			File:Surface_projections_of_the_organs_of_the_trunk.png\|Spinal_column
			</gallery>

Spinal column - Revision history

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