Spider anatomy - Revision history

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	'''Spider ~~Anatomy~~''' refers to the ~~physical~~ structure and ~~biological systems~~ of [[spiders]], ~~a group~~ of ~~arachnids that includes over 48~~,~~000 described species~~.		{{Short description\|Overview of the anatomy of spiders}}
			{{Taxobox
			\| name = Spider anatomy
			\| image = Spider_anatomy_diagram.png
			\| image_caption = Diagram of spider anatomy
			}}

			'''Spider anatomy''' refers to the structure and organization of the body of [[spiders]], which are [[arachnids]] belonging to the order [[Araneae]]. Spiders are characterized by their two-part body structure, eight legs, and the ability to produce silk. This article provides an overview of the key anatomical features of spiders, including their external and internal structures.

	==External Anatomy==		==External Anatomy==

	~~The external anatomy of spiders~~ is ~~characterized by~~ two main ~~body~~ parts: the [[cephalothorax]] ~~(also known as the prosoma)~~ and the [[abdomen]] ~~(also known as the opisthosoma)~~.		Spiders have a distinct body plan that is divided into two main parts: the [[cephalothorax]] and the [[abdomen]].

	===Cephalothorax===		===Cephalothorax===
			The cephalothorax, also known as the prosoma, is the anterior part of the spider's body. It is a fusion of the head and thorax and houses several important structures:

	The ~~cephalothorax is the front part~~ of a spider'~~s body~~, ~~and it is a fusion of the head and thorax~~. ~~It houses~~ the ~~spider's eyes, [[~~chelicerae~~]] (fangs), [[~~pedipalps]], and ~~the first~~ four pairs of legs.		* '''Eyes''': Most spiders have eight simple eyes arranged in various patterns, although some species have fewer. The arrangement and number of eyes can help in identifying different spider families.
			* '''Mouthparts''': The chelicerae are the primary mouthparts, equipped with fangs that inject venom into prey. Behind the chelicerae are the pedipalps, which are sensory organs and, in males, are used in reproduction.
			* '''Legs''': Spiders have four pairs of legs attached to the cephalothorax. Each leg consists of seven segments: coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus.

	~~====Eyes====~~		[[File:Spider_eyes.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Close-up of a spider's eyes]]

	~~Most spiders have eight~~ [[~~simple~~ eyes]]~~, although some species may have six or fewer. The arrangement and size of these eyes can be used to help identify the species of spider.~~

	~~====Chelicerae and Fangs====~~

	~~The chelicerae are the mouthparts of the spider, which end in fangs. These fangs are used to inject venom into prey from glands that are located near the chelicerae.~~

	~~====Pedipalps====~~

	~~Pedipalps are appendages located near the mouth of the spider. In males, they are used for reproduction and are modified to transfer sperm to the female during mating.~~

	~~====Legs====~~

	~~Spiders have four pairs of legs, which are attached to the cephalothorax. Each leg is divided into seven parts, and the end of each leg has two or three small claws.~~

	===Abdomen===		===Abdomen===
			The abdomen, or opisthosoma, is the posterior part of the spider's body. It is soft and unsegmented, containing vital organs such as the heart, digestive system, and reproductive organs.

	~~The abdomen is the rear part of a spider~~'~~s body. It contains the spider~~'~~s reproductive organs, [[spinnerets]], and the heart.~~		* '''Spinnerets''': Located at the rear of the abdomen, spinnerets are silk-spinning organs. Spiders use silk for various purposes, including web construction, prey capture, and egg protection.
			* '''Book lungs''': These are respiratory organs found in the abdomen, consisting of stacked plates that facilitate gas exchange.
	~~====~~Spinnerets~~====~~

	~~Spinnerets are small, movable appendages located~~ at the ~~end~~ of the abdomen. ~~They are used to produce [[~~silk~~]], which is used~~ for various purposes ~~such as creating webs~~, ~~lining burrows~~, and ~~wrapping prey~~.

	==Internal Anatomy==		==Internal Anatomy==

	The internal anatomy of spiders includes ~~the digestive system, the respiratory system, the circulatory system, and the nervous system~~.		The internal anatomy of spiders includes several specialized systems that support their predatory lifestyle.

	===Digestive System===		===Digestive System===
			Spiders have a unique digestive system adapted for their carnivorous diet. They inject digestive enzymes into their prey to liquefy the tissues, which are then sucked into the stomach.
	~~The [[~~digestive system~~]] of a spider includes a mouth, a stomach, and intestines~~. ~~Spiders liquefy~~ their prey ~~with digestive juices and then suck up~~ the ~~resulting fluid.~~

	~~===Respiratory System===~~

	~~Spiders have two types of respiratory systems: [[book lungs]] and tracheae. Some spiders have both types~~, ~~while others have one or~~ the ~~other~~.

	===Circulatory System===		===Circulatory System===
			Spiders possess an open circulatory system with a heart located in the abdomen. Hemolymph, the spider's blood, is pumped through the body cavity, delivering nutrients and oxygen to tissues.
	Spiders ~~have~~ an open [[circulatory system~~]],~~ with a heart, ~~arteries, and hemolymph (~~the spider ~~equivalent of~~ blood).

	===Nervous System===		===Nervous System===
			The nervous system of spiders is highly centralized, with a large ganglion in the cephalothorax that acts as a brain. This controls the spider's movements and sensory processing.

	~~The [[nervous system]] of a spider includes a brain~~, ~~a subesophageal ganglion~~, ~~and~~ a ~~ventral nerve cord~~.		===Reproductive System===
			Spiders exhibit sexual dimorphism, with males often being smaller than females. Males use their pedipalps to transfer sperm to the female's epigyne, a specialized structure on the abdomen.

	==~~Reproduction~~==		==Silk Production==

	~~Spider [[reproduction]] typically involves the transfer~~ of ~~sperm from the male to the female~~ through the ~~male's modified pedipalps~~. ~~The female then lays eggs~~ and ~~wraps them in silk to protect them~~.		Silk production is a defining feature of spiders. Silk is produced in specialized glands and extruded through the spinnerets. Different types of silk are used for various functions, such as building webs, creating egg sacs, and forming draglines.

	==~~See Also~~==		==Related Pages==
			* [[Arachnid]]
	* [[~~Spider behavior~~]]		* [[Web (spider)]]
	* [[~~Spider silk~~]]		* [[Venom]]
	* [[~~Spider taxonomy~~]]		* [[Predation]]

			[[Category:Spider anatomy]]
	[[Category:Arachnology]]		[[Category:Arachnology]]
	~~[[Category:Spider anatomy]]~~
	~~{{Arachnology-stub}}~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Spider-characteristics.png\|Spider characteristics~~
	~~File:Brown_widow_spider_Latrodectus_geometricus_underside.jpg\|Brown widow spider underside~~
	~~File:Spider_external_anatomy_en.png\|Spider external anatomy~~
	~~File:Jumping_Spider_Eyes.jpg\|Jumping spider eyes~~
	~~File:Pfurtscheller_Table_25.png\|Pfurtscheller Table 25~~
	~~File:Spider_internal_anatomy-en.svg\|Spider internal anatomy~~
	~~File:Comstock-book-lungs.png\|Comstock book lungs~~
	~~File:OrbWheever-Georgia-Woods.png\|Orb weaver in Georgia woods~~
	~~</gallery>~~

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← Older revision		Revision as of 12:19, 18 February 2025
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	[[Category:Spider anatomy]]		[[Category:Spider anatomy]]
	{{Arachnology-stub}}		{{Arachnology-stub}}
			<gallery>
			File:Spider-characteristics.png\|Spider characteristics
			File:Brown_widow_spider_Latrodectus_geometricus_underside.jpg\|Brown widow spider underside
			File:Spider_external_anatomy_en.png\|Spider external anatomy
			File:Jumping_Spider_Eyes.jpg\|Jumping spider eyes
			File:Pfurtscheller_Table_25.png\|Pfurtscheller Table 25
			File:Spider_internal_anatomy-en.svg\|Spider internal anatomy
			File:Comstock-book-lungs.png\|Comstock book lungs
			File:OrbWheever-Georgia-Woods.png\|Orb weaver in Georgia woods
			</gallery>

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2024-02-29T20:18:23Z

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'''Spider Anatomy''' refers to the physical structure and biological systems of [[spiders]], a group of arachnids that includes over 48,000 described species.

==External Anatomy==

The external anatomy of spiders is characterized by two main body parts: the [[cephalothorax]] (also known as the prosoma) and the [[abdomen]] (also known as the opisthosoma).

===Cephalothorax===

The cephalothorax is the front part of a spider's body, and it is a fusion of the head and thorax. It houses the spider's eyes, [[chelicerae]] (fangs), [[pedipalps]], and the first four pairs of legs.

====Eyes====

Most spiders have eight [[simple eyes]], although some species may have six or fewer. The arrangement and size of these eyes can be used to help identify the species of spider.

====Chelicerae and Fangs====

The chelicerae are the mouthparts of the spider, which end in fangs. These fangs are used to inject venom into prey from glands that are located near the chelicerae.

====Pedipalps====

Pedipalps are appendages located near the mouth of the spider. In males, they are used for reproduction and are modified to transfer sperm to the female during mating.

====Legs====

Spiders have four pairs of legs, which are attached to the cephalothorax. Each leg is divided into seven parts, and the end of each leg has two or three small claws.

===Abdomen===

The abdomen is the rear part of a spider's body. It contains the spider's reproductive organs, [[spinnerets]], and the heart.

====Spinnerets====

Spinnerets are small, movable appendages located at the end of the abdomen. They are used to produce [[silk]], which is used for various purposes such as creating webs, lining burrows, and wrapping prey.

==Internal Anatomy==

The internal anatomy of spiders includes the digestive system, the respiratory system, the circulatory system, and the nervous system.

===Digestive System===

The [[digestive system]] of a spider includes a mouth, a stomach, and intestines. Spiders liquefy their prey with digestive juices and then suck up the resulting fluid.

===Respiratory System===

Spiders have two types of respiratory systems: [[book lungs]] and tracheae. Some spiders have both types, while others have one or the other.

===Circulatory System===

Spiders have an open [[circulatory system]], with a heart, arteries, and hemolymph (the spider equivalent of blood).

===Nervous System===

The [[nervous system]] of a spider includes a brain, a subesophageal ganglion, and a ventral nerve cord.

==Reproduction==

Spider [[reproduction]] typically involves the transfer of sperm from the male to the female through the male's modified pedipalps. The female then lays eggs and wraps them in silk to protect them.

==See Also==

* [[Spider behavior]]
* [[Spider silk]]
* [[Spider taxonomy]]

[[Category:Arachnology]]
[[Category:Spider anatomy]]
{{Arachnology-stub}}