Prab at 12:51, 26 May 2023

2023-05-26T12:51:53Z

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'''Sodium hypochlorite''' (NaClO) is a compound that appears as a pale greenish-yellow dilute solution which is widely used as a disinfectant or a bleaching agent. In households, it is most commonly known as '''bleach''', and it is frequently used for laundry and cleaning purposes. The solution in water is unstable and easily decomposes, liberating chlorine, which is the active principle of such products<ref>{{Cite journal |last1= |first1= |title=Sodium hypochlorite |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |doi= |pmid= }}</ref>.
[[File:Sodium hypochlorite solution.JPG|thumb|Sodium hypochlorite solution]]
== Characteristics ==

Sodium hypochlorite is a powerful oxidizer. Despite being stable when stored under cool conditions away from sunlight, it decomposes exothermically, releasing oxygen and chlorine gas. Sodium hypochlorite solutions are clear, slightly yellowish solutions with a characteristic chlorine odor.

== Production ==

Sodium hypochlorite is produced industrially by the reaction of chlorine gas with sodium hydroxide. This reaction occurs in a liquid phase and produces sodium hypochlorite, water, and sodium chloride.

== Uses ==

The primary application of sodium hypochlorite is as a bleach and disinfectant. It is used in many industrial processes, including the bleaching of pulp and paper. It is also used in household cleaners, in laundry products, and as a water disinfectant.

=== Household use ===

In the household, sodium hypochlorite is used in a diluted solution to remove stains from laundry. It is also an ingredient in many products used for mold removal, bathroom cleaning, and overall surface cleaning.

=== Medical use ===

In medicine, sodium hypochlorite is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic. It is used in endodontics during root canal treatments. It is also used in wound care to cleanse the area and prevent infection<ref>{{Cite journal |last1= |first1= |title=Sodium hypochlorite in endodontics |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |doi= |pmid= }}</ref>.

== Safety ==

Sodium hypochlorite should be handled with caution, as it can be harmful or lethal if swallowed, harmful if inhaled, and causes severe skin burns and eye damage. It is also dangerous for the environment, as it is very toxic to aquatic life<ref>{{Cite journal |last1= |first1= |title=Safety of Sodium Hypochlorite |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |doi= |pmid= }}</ref>.

== Environmental Impact ==

While sodium hypochlorite is an effective disinfectant, it can have significant environmental impact. It is very toxic to aquatic organisms and can cause long-term adverse effects in the environment if not properly managed. Moreover, its production involves the use of chlorine gas, a highly toxic substance that poses environmental and health risks<ref>{{Cite journal |last1= |first1= |title=Environmental Impact of Sodium Hypochlorite |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |doi= |pmid= }}</ref>.

== Conclusion ==

Sodium hypochlorite, widely known as bleach, is a commonly used household chemical with a broad range of applications. It serves as a potent disinfectant and bleaching agent. However, due to its corrosive nature, it should be handled with care, and the potential environmental impact must also be considered.

== Summary ==
The active ingredient in household liquid chlorine bleach. It is ordinarily about 5% strength in a water-based solution of bleach.

== References ==
<references />
{{Stub}}
{{Antiseptics and disinfectants}}
{{Sodium compounds}}
[[Category:Antiseptics]]
[[Category:Bleaches]]
[[Category:Disinfectants]]
[[Category:Hypochlorites]]
[[Category:Oxidizing agents]]
[[Category:Sodium compounds]]
[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
[[Category:Bleaching agents]]
[[Category:Household chemicals]]

Sodium hypochlorite - Revision history

Prab at 12:51, 26 May 2023