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	~~'''Sevoflurane''' is a sweet-smelling, nonflammable, highly fluorinated methyl isopropyl ether~~ used ~~for induction and maintenance of [[general anesthesia]]. Together with [[desflurane]], it is replacing [[isoflurane]] and [[halothane]]~~ in ~~modern anesthesiology. It is often used in surgeries of short duration because of its rapid onset of action and low risk of side effects.~~		{{Short description\|An inhalational anesthetic used in surgery}}

	~~== History ==~~		[[File:Sevoflurane.svg\|Chemical structure of Sevoflurane\|thumb\|right]]
	~~Sevoflurane was discovered by Ross Terrell and introduced in 1971 by~~ [[~~Abbott Laboratories~~]].

	~~== Pharmacology ==~~		'''Sevoflurane''' is a volatile [[inhalational anesthetic]] used for the induction and maintenance of [[general anesthesia]]. It is one of the most commonly used anesthetics in modern medicine due to its rapid onset and low blood-gas partition coefficient, which allows for quick adjustments in anesthetic depth.
	Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic ~~that is inhaled. It is a~~ [[~~methyl isopropyl ether~~]] ~~and~~ is one of the most commonly used ~~volatile anesthetic agents, particularly for outpatient anesthesia,~~ due to its ~~quick~~ onset ~~of action~~ and low ~~risk of side effects~~.

	== ~~Metabolism~~ ==		==Chemical Properties==
	Sevoflurane ~~undergoes hepatic metabolism~~. ~~Unlike [[halothane]]~~, ~~one~~ of the ~~older volatile anesthetics~~, ~~it does not induce liver damage, and it does not cause kidney damage in the way that [[methoxyflurane]] does~~.		Sevoflurane is a fluorinated ether with the chemical formula C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>3</sub>F<sub>7</sub>O. Its structure includes a fully fluorinated carbon chain, which contributes to its stability and low reactivity. The presence of fluorine atoms also reduces the solubility of sevoflurane in blood, enhancing its pharmacokinetic properties.

	~~== Clinical use ==~~		[[File:Sevoflurane-3D-balls.png\|3D molecular model of Sevoflurane\|thumb\|left]]
	Sevoflurane ~~is used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, and for sedation for mechanically ventilated adults, and for procedural sedation~~. ~~It's also used for induction~~ of ~~anesthesia in high-risk patients.~~

	== ~~Side effects~~ ==		==Pharmacokinetics==
	~~Common side effects~~ of ~~sevoflurane include respiratory depression~~, ~~coughing, dizziness~~, ~~and agitation~~. ~~Rare side effects may include malignant hyperthermia~~ and ~~kidney damage~~.		Sevoflurane is characterized by a low blood-gas partition coefficient of approximately 0.65, which means it equilibrates quickly between the blood and alveolar gas. This property allows for rapid induction and emergence from anesthesia. Sevoflurane is minimally metabolized in the body, with the majority being exhaled unchanged. A small percentage is metabolized by the liver to produce inorganic fluoride ions and hexafluoroisopropanol, but these metabolites are generally not considered clinically significant.

	== ~~See also~~ ==		==Clinical Use==
	* [[~~Anesthesia~~]]		Sevoflurane is widely used in both adult and pediatric anesthesia. It is particularly favored for [[pediatric anesthesia]] due to its non-irritating properties, making it suitable for inhalational induction. The agent is delivered via a vaporizer in a controlled manner, allowing anesthesiologists to maintain the desired depth of anesthesia throughout surgical procedures.
	* [[~~Inhalational anaesthetic~~]]
	* [[~~Desflurane~~]]		==Advantages==
	* [[~~Isoflurane~~]]		Sevoflurane offers several advantages over other inhalational anesthetics, including:
	* [[~~Halothane~~]]		* '''Rapid induction and recovery''': Due to its low solubility in blood, patients can be quickly anesthetized and recover rapidly post-surgery.
	* [[~~Methoxyflurane~~]]		* '''Minimal airway irritation''': Unlike some other anesthetics, sevoflurane is non-pungent and does not irritate the airways, making it ideal for inhalational induction.
			* '''Hemodynamic stability''': It maintains cardiovascular stability, which is crucial during surgical procedures.

			==Side Effects==
			Common side effects of sevoflurane include nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. Rarely, it can cause [[malignant hyperthermia]], a life-threatening condition that requires immediate treatment. Sevoflurane can also lead to a decrease in blood pressure and respiratory depression, which are typical of inhalational anesthetics.

			==Environmental Impact==
			Sevoflurane, like other volatile anesthetics, is a greenhouse gas. However, its global warming potential is lower than that of some other anesthetics, such as [[desflurane]]. Efforts are ongoing to minimize the environmental impact of anesthetic gases through improved scavenging systems and the development of more sustainable practices.

			==Related Pages==
			* [[Inhalational anesthetic]]
			* [[General anesthesia]]
			* [[Pediatric anesthesia]]
			* [[Malignant hyperthermia]]

	[[Category:Anesthetics]]		[[Category:Anesthetics]]
	[[Category:~~Ethers~~]]		[[Category:Organofluorides]]
	[[Category:~~Fluoroarenes~~]]		[[Category:Halogenated ethers]]
	~~[[Category:Halogen-containing natural products]]~~
	~~[[Category:GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators]]~~
	~~{{Pharma-stub}}~~
	~~{{Medicine-stub}}~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Sevoflurane.svg\|Sevoflurane~~
	~~File:Sevoflurane-3D-balls.png\|Sevoflurane 3D Model~~
	~~</gallery>~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Sevoflurane.svg\|Sevoflurane~~
	~~File:Sevoflurane-3D-balls.png\|Sevoflurane 3D Model~~
	~~</gallery>~~

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			File:Sevoflurane.svg\|Sevoflurane
			File:Sevoflurane-3D-balls.png\|Sevoflurane 3D Model
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	File:Sevoflurane.svg\|Sevoflurane		File:Sevoflurane.svg\|Sevoflurane
	File:Sevoflurane-3D-balls.png\|Sevoflurane 3D Model		File:Sevoflurane-3D-balls.png\|Sevoflurane 3D Model
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			File:Sevoflurane.svg\|Sevoflurane
			File:Sevoflurane-3D-balls.png\|Sevoflurane 3D Model
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New page

'''Sevoflurane''' is a sweet-smelling, nonflammable, highly fluorinated methyl isopropyl ether used for induction and maintenance of [[general anesthesia]]. Together with [[desflurane]], it is replacing [[isoflurane]] and [[halothane]] in modern anesthesiology. It is often used in surgeries of short duration because of its rapid onset of action and low risk of side effects.

== History ==
Sevoflurane was discovered by Ross Terrell and introduced in 1971 by [[Abbott Laboratories]].

== Pharmacology ==
Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic that is inhaled. It is a [[methyl isopropyl ether]] and is one of the most commonly used volatile anesthetic agents, particularly for outpatient anesthesia, due to its quick onset of action and low risk of side effects.

== Metabolism ==
Sevoflurane undergoes hepatic metabolism. Unlike [[halothane]], one of the older volatile anesthetics, it does not induce liver damage, and it does not cause kidney damage in the way that [[methoxyflurane]] does.

== Clinical use ==
Sevoflurane is used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, and for sedation for mechanically ventilated adults, and for procedural sedation. It's also used for induction of anesthesia in high-risk patients.

== Side effects ==
Common side effects of sevoflurane include respiratory depression, coughing, dizziness, and agitation. Rare side effects may include malignant hyperthermia and kidney damage.

== See also ==
* [[Anesthesia]]
* [[Inhalational anaesthetic]]
* [[Desflurane]]
* [[Isoflurane]]
* [[Halothane]]
* [[Methoxyflurane]]

[[Category:Anesthetics]]
[[Category:Ethers]]
[[Category:Fluoroarenes]]
[[Category:Halogen-containing natural products]]
[[Category:GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators]]
{{Pharma-stub}}
{{Medicine-stub}}

Sevoflurane - Revision history

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