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'''Selamectin''' is a [[parasiticide]] and [[anthelmintic]] medication used in [[veterinary medicine]] to prevent and treat a variety of [[parasite]] infestations in [[dogs]] and [[cats]]. It is a semi-synthetic compound derived from the fermentation products of ''[[Streptomyces avermitilis]]'', a species of actinobacteria. Selamectin is effective against [[flea]]s, certain [[tick]]s, [[mite]]s, and [[heartworm]]s, making it a broad-spectrum agent in the management of parasitic infections.

==Mechanism of Action==
Selamectin works by activating [[glutamate]]-gated [[chloride channel]]s in the nervous system of parasites. This activation increases the permeability of the cell membrane to chloride ions, leading to hyperpolarization of the nerve cell, paralysis, and ultimately the death of the parasite. It has a selective action on invertebrate nerve and muscle cells, which accounts for its safety in mammals, including humans.

==Indications==
Selamectin is primarily indicated for the prevention of [[heartworm disease]] caused by ''[[Dirofilaria immitis]]'' in dogs and cats. It is also used to treat and control flea infestations ([[Ctenocephalides felis]]), ear mite infestations ([[Otodectes cynotis]]), sarcoptic mange ([[Sarcoptes scabiei]]) in dogs, and hookworm ([[Ancylostoma tubaeforme]]) and roundworm ([[Toxocara cati]]) infections in cats.

==Administration==
Selamectin is available as a topical solution that is applied directly to the skin of the animal. The medication is absorbed through the skin and enters the bloodstream, distributing throughout the body. It is formulated in various strengths to accommodate different sizes and species of animals. The application is typically done once a month to ensure continuous protection against parasites.

==Safety and Side Effects==
Selamectin is generally safe for use in dogs and cats over six weeks of age. However, as with any medication, there are potential side effects, although they are rare. These may include temporary hair loss at the application site, skin irritation, or gastrointestinal upset. It is important to follow the veterinarian's instructions when applying selamectin to minimize the risk of side effects.

==Environmental Considerations==
The use of selamectin, like other parasiticides, has raised concerns regarding its impact on the environment, particularly on non-target organisms. It is advisable to use such medications responsibly and in accordance with veterinary guidance to mitigate potential environmental effects.

==Conclusion==
Selamectin is a valuable tool in the prevention and treatment of various parasitic infections in dogs and cats. Its broad-spectrum activity, ease of administration, and safety profile make it a popular choice among veterinarians and pet owners. As with all medications, responsible use is essential to ensure the health and well-being of pets and to minimize any potential environmental impact.

[[Category:Veterinary drugs]]
[[Category:Antiparasitic agents]]

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Selamectin - Revision history

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