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2024-03-23T18:08:56Z

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'''Seiza''' ([[Japanese language|Japanese]]: 正座, literally "proper sitting") is the traditional Japanese way of sitting on one's knees, a common posture in [[Zen]] meditation, martial arts, and traditional Japanese events. It involves sitting on the lower legs which are folded underneath the thighs, while the buttocks rest on the heels. This position is often used in various ceremonies, such as tea ceremonies ([[Japanese tea ceremony|chado]] or sado) and in traditional arts, including [[Ikebana]] (flower arranging) and [[Calligraphy|shodo]] (calligraphy).

[[File:Seiza.jpg|thumb|500px|right]]

==Etymology==
The term ''seiza'' is derived from two Japanese words: ''sei'' (正), meaning "correct" or "proper," and ''za'' (座), meaning "sitting." Thus, ''seiza'' translates to "proper sitting." This reflects the cultural emphasis on etiquette and formality in Japan, especially in traditional settings.

==History==
The practice of ''seiza'' has its roots in the [[Muromachi period]] (1336–1573), where it became the standard way of sitting in Japanese society. Before this period, various sitting styles were prevalent, including ''agura'' (cross-legged sitting) and ''tatehiza'' (one knee raised). The adoption of ''seiza'' was part of a broader cultural shift towards more formalized manners and etiquette during the Muromachi period.

==Posture and Technique==
To sit in ''seiza'', one must first kneel on the floor, folding their legs underneath their thighs, with the feet flat on the floor and the big toes overlapping slightly. The buttocks then rest on the heels, and the back is kept straight. Hands are placed on the thighs with palms down, or in formal settings, folded in the lap. Maintaining this posture requires flexibility in the ankles, knees, and hips, and can be uncomfortable for beginners or those not accustomed to it.

==Cultural Significance==
''Seiza'' is more than just a way of sitting; it embodies the Japanese cultural values of respect, humility, and discipline. It is a posture that is closely associated with the ''[[samurai]]'' class and the martial virtues of patience and endurance. In traditional arts and ceremonies, ''seiza'' is considered the proper way to sit, as it promotes a calm and focused state, conducive to meditation and mindful practice.

==Health and Comfort==
While ''seiza'' is a symbol of traditional Japanese culture, sitting in this position for extended periods can be challenging, especially for those not used to it. It can lead to discomfort or numbness in the legs due to reduced blood flow. To alleviate discomfort, special cushions called ''[[zabuton]]'' are often used, and there are also ''seiza'' benches designed to support the buttocks while keeping the legs folded underneath.

==Modern Usage==
Today, ''seiza'' remains an integral part of traditional Japanese ceremonies and practices. However, its use in everyday life has diminished, with Western-style chairs and seating becoming more common in Japanese homes and workplaces. Despite this, ''seiza'' continues to be taught and practiced, particularly in martial arts dojos and in schools where traditional Japanese arts are taught.

==See Also==
* [[Japanese culture]]
* [[Zen]]
* [[Japanese tea ceremony]]
* [[Martial arts]]

[[Category:Japanese culture]]
[[Category:Martial arts]]
[[Category:Traditional medicine]]
{{Culture-stub}}

Seiza - Revision history

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