Rotavirus - Revision history

Prab: /* Epidemiology */

2025-04-26T20:14:05Z

Epidemiology

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:14, 26 April 2025
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	==Epidemiology==		==Epidemiology==
	~~[[File:Rotavirus_Seasonal_Distribution.png\|thumb\|left\|Seasonal distribution of rotavirus infections]]~~
	Rotavirus infections occur worldwide, with a seasonal pattern in temperate climates, peaking in the winter months. In tropical regions, rotavirus infections occur year-round. The virus is highly contagious and spreads through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated hands, surfaces, and objects.		Rotavirus infections occur worldwide, with a seasonal pattern in temperate climates, peaking in the winter months. In tropical regions, rotavirus infections occur year-round. The virus is highly contagious and spreads through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated hands, surfaces, and objects.

Prab: /* Pathogenesis */

2025-04-26T20:13:54Z

Pathogenesis

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:13, 26 April 2025
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	==Pathogenesis==		==Pathogenesis==
	~~[[File:Rotavirus_with_gold-_labelled_monoclonal_antibody.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Rotavirus particles labeled with gold-labeled monoclonal antibody]]~~
	Rotavirus primarily infects the [[enterocyte]]s of the [[small intestine]], leading to [[diarrhea]] and [[vomiting]]. The virus disrupts the normal absorption of nutrients and water, causing the characteristic symptoms of rotavirus infection. The NSP4 protein acts as an enterotoxin, contributing to the diarrhea by altering the function of the enterocytes.		Rotavirus primarily infects the [[enterocyte]]s of the [[small intestine]], leading to [[diarrhea]] and [[vomiting]]. The virus disrupts the normal absorption of nutrients and water, causing the characteristic symptoms of rotavirus infection. The NSP4 protein acts as an enterotoxin, contributing to the diarrhea by altering the function of the enterocytes.

Prab: CSV import

2025-03-23T11:01:23Z

CSV import

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:01, 23 March 2025
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	~~[[Rotavirus]] is a member of the Reoviridae family of viruses responsible for causing enteritis, a form of~~ gastroenteritis~~. It's particularly common among infants and young children, causing severe diarrheal illness and, in some instances, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality.~~		{{Short description\|Virus that causes gastroenteritis}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2023}}

	~~=== Classification and Structure ===~~		[[File:Rotavirus_Reconstruction.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Reconstruction of a rotavirus particle]]

	Rotavirus ~~belongs to the family Reoviridae and~~ is ~~non-enveloped with~~ a ~~genome composed of 11 segments~~ of double-stranded RNA. ~~Its viral particle exhibits a wheel-like appearance under electron microscopy, which explains its name,~~ rotavirus~~, derived from~~ the ~~Latin word 'rota'~~, ~~meaning wheel~~.		'''Rotavirus''' is a genus of [[double-stranded RNA virus]] in the family [[Reoviridae]]. It is the most common cause of severe [[gastroenteritis]] in infants and young children worldwide. Nearly every child in the world is infected with rotavirus at least once by the age of five. Immunity develops with each infection, so subsequent infections are less severe; adults are rarely affected.

	==~~= Epidemiology =~~==		==Virology==
			[[File:Rotavirus_Structure.png\|thumb\|left\|Structure of a rotavirus particle]]
			Rotavirus is a non-enveloped virus with a triple-layered icosahedral protein capsid. The virus particle, or virion, is about 70 nm in diameter. The genome consists of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA, which encode six structural proteins (VP1-VP4, VP6, and VP7) and six non-structural proteins (NSP1-NSP6).

	~~Rotavirus~~ is ~~a leading cause~~ of ~~severe diarrhea~~ and ~~dehydration among infants~~ and ~~young children worldwide~~. ~~It's responsible for an estimated 200~~,~~000 deaths annually~~ in ~~children under five~~, ~~particularly in low~~-~~income countries without widespread access to the rotavirus vaccine~~.		The outer layer of the virus is composed of VP7 and VP4, which are important for the virus's ability to infect cells and are the targets of neutralizing antibodies. The intermediate layer is made up of VP6, which is the most abundant protein and is used in diagnostic tests. The inner layer contains VP2, which surrounds the RNA segments and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, VP1.

	==~~= Transmission and~~ Pathogenesis ===		==Pathogenesis==
			[[File:Rotavirus_with_gold-_labelled_monoclonal_antibody.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Rotavirus particles labeled with gold-labeled monoclonal antibody]]
			Rotavirus primarily infects the [[enterocyte]]s of the [[small intestine]], leading to [[diarrhea]] and [[vomiting]]. The virus disrupts the normal absorption of nutrients and water, causing the characteristic symptoms of rotavirus infection. The NSP4 protein acts as an enterotoxin, contributing to the diarrhea by altering the function of the enterocytes.

	Rotavirus is ~~typically transmitted via~~ the fecal-oral route~~. It damages the cells lining the small intestine~~, ~~leading to malabsorption and diarrhea. Additionally~~, ~~the virus stimulates the immune response~~, ~~which can further contribute to diarrheal symptoms~~.		==Epidemiology==
			[[File:Rotavirus_Seasonal_Distribution.png\|thumb\|left\|Seasonal distribution of rotavirus infections]]
			Rotavirus infections occur worldwide, with a seasonal pattern in temperate climates, peaking in the winter months. In tropical regions, rotavirus infections occur year-round. The virus is highly contagious and spreads through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated hands, surfaces, and objects.

	=== Clinical ~~Presentation =~~==		==Clinical Features==
			The incubation period for rotavirus is approximately two days. The disease typically begins with fever and vomiting, followed by three to eight days of watery diarrhea. Severe dehydration is the most common complication, which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

	~~Infants and young children infected with~~ rotavirus ~~present with severe~~, ~~often watery diarrhea accompanied by vomiting, fever~~, and ~~abdominal pain. Dehydration is a significant concern and~~ the ~~leading cause of morbidity and mortality associated with rotavirus infection~~.		==Diagnosis==
			Diagnosis of rotavirus infection is primarily based on the detection of the virus in stool samples. Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) are commonly used to detect rotavirus antigens. Molecular methods, such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), can also be used to detect and characterize the virus.

	=== ~~Diagnosis~~ and ~~Treatment ===~~		==Prevention==
			[[File:Avertable-deaths-from-rotavirus-with-full-vaccine-coverage.png\|thumb\|right\|Avertable deaths from rotavirus with full vaccine coverage]]
			Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing rotavirus infection. Two vaccines, Rotarix and RotaTeq, are widely used and have significantly reduced the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis. These vaccines are administered orally and are included in the immunization schedules of many countries.

	~~Diagnosis of rotavirus~~ infection is ~~commonly made through the detection of the virus in stool samples using enzyme immunoassays. The primary~~ treatment for rotavirus infection ~~is supportive, focusing~~ on hydration and ~~electrolyte repletion~~.		==Treatment==
			[[File:Rotavirus_infected_gut.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Rotavirus infection in the gut]]
			There is no specific antiviral treatment for rotavirus infection. Management focuses on maintaining hydration through oral rehydration solutions or intravenous fluids in severe cases. Zinc supplementation and continued feeding are also recommended to support recovery.

	==~~= Prevention =~~==		==Research==
			Research on rotavirus continues to focus on improving vaccine efficacy, understanding the virus's molecular biology, and developing new therapeutic strategies. Studies are also exploring the impact of rotavirus vaccination on the incidence of other gastrointestinal infections.

	~~Prevention of rotavirus~~ infection ~~is primarily through vaccination. As of 2021, two oral vaccines are globally available: Rotarix and RotaTeq.~~		==Related pages==
			* [[Gastroenteritis]]
			* [[Viral infection]]
			* [[Vaccination]]

	~~== See Also ==~~		[[Category:Reoviridae]]
	* [[~~Viral gastroenteritis~~]]		[[Category:Viral diseases]]
	* [[Vaccination]]		[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
	~~== References ==~~
	~~{{Reflist}}~~
	~~{{stub}}~~
	[[Category:Viral ~~Diseases~~]]
	[[Category:Infectious ~~Diseases~~]]
	~~[[Category:Pediatrics]]~~
	~~[[Category:Virology]]~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Rotavirus Reconstruction.jpg\|Rotavirus Reconstruction~~
	~~File:Rotavirus Structure.png\|Rotavirus Structure~~
	~~File:Rotavirus with gold- labelled monoclonal antibody.jpg\|Rotavirus with Gold-Labelled Monoclonal Antibody~~
	~~File:Rotavirus replication.png\|Rotavirus Replication~~
	~~File:Multiple rotavirus particles.jpg\|Multiple Rotavirus Particles~~
	~~File:Rotavirus infected gut.jpg\|Rotavirus Infected Gut~~
	~~File:Rotavirus seasonal distribution.png\|Rotavirus Seasonal Distribution~~
	~~File:Avertable-deaths-from-rotavirus-with-full-vaccine-coverage.png\|Avertable Deaths from Rotavirus with Full Vaccine Coverage~~
	~~File:Flewett Rotavirus.jpg\|Flewett Rotavirus~~
	~~</gallery>~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Rotavirus Reconstruction.jpg\|Rotavirus Reconstruction~~
	~~File:Rotavirus Structure.png\|Rotavirus Structure~~
	~~File:Rotavirus with gold- labelled monoclonal antibody.jpg\|Rotavirus with Gold-Labelled Monoclonal Antibody~~
	~~File:Rotavirus replication.png\|Rotavirus Replication~~
	~~File:Multiple rotavirus particles.jpg\|Multiple Rotavirus Particles~~
	~~File:Rotavirus infected gut.jpg\|Rotavirus Infected Gut~~
	~~File:Rotavirus seasonal distribution.png\|Rotavirus Seasonal Distribution~~
	~~File:Avertable-deaths-from-rotavirus-with-full-vaccine-coverage.png\|Avertable Deaths from Rotavirus with Full Vaccine Coverage~~
	~~File:Flewett Rotavirus.jpg\|Flewett Rotavirus~~
	~~</gallery>~~

Prab: CSV import

2025-02-20T01:12:20Z

CSV import

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 [[Category:Pediatrics]]
 [[Category:Virology]]
 <gallery>
 File:Rotavirus Reconstruction.jpg|Rotavirus Reconstruction

Prab: CSV import

2025-02-20T01:10:46Z

CSV import

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:10, 20 February 2025
Line 35:		Line 35:
	[[Category:Pediatrics]]		[[Category:Pediatrics]]
	[[Category:Virology]]		[[Category:Virology]]
			<gallery>
			File:Rotavirus Reconstruction.jpg\|Rotavirus Reconstruction
			File:Rotavirus Structure.png\|Rotavirus Structure
			File:Rotavirus with gold- labelled monoclonal antibody.jpg\|Rotavirus with Gold-Labelled Monoclonal Antibody
			File:Rotavirus replication.png\|Rotavirus Replication
			File:Multiple rotavirus particles.jpg\|Multiple Rotavirus Particles
			File:Rotavirus infected gut.jpg\|Rotavirus Infected Gut
			File:Rotavirus seasonal distribution.png\|Rotavirus Seasonal Distribution
			File:Avertable-deaths-from-rotavirus-with-full-vaccine-coverage.png\|Avertable Deaths from Rotavirus with Full Vaccine Coverage
			File:Flewett Rotavirus.jpg\|Flewett Rotavirus
			</gallery>

Prab at 02:33, 23 May 2023

2023-05-23T02:33:16Z

New page

[[Rotavirus]] is a member of the Reoviridae family of viruses responsible for causing enteritis, a form of gastroenteritis. It's particularly common among infants and young children, causing severe diarrheal illness and, in some instances, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality.

=== Classification and Structure ===

Rotavirus belongs to the family Reoviridae and is non-enveloped with a genome composed of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA. Its viral particle exhibits a wheel-like appearance under electron microscopy, which explains its name, rotavirus, derived from the Latin word 'rota', meaning wheel.

=== Epidemiology ===

Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe diarrhea and dehydration among infants and young children worldwide. It's responsible for an estimated 200,000 deaths annually in children under five, particularly in low-income countries without widespread access to the rotavirus vaccine.

=== Transmission and Pathogenesis ===

Rotavirus is typically transmitted via the fecal-oral route. It damages the cells lining the small intestine, leading to malabsorption and diarrhea. Additionally, the virus stimulates the immune response, which can further contribute to diarrheal symptoms.

=== Clinical Presentation ===

Infants and young children infected with rotavirus present with severe, often watery diarrhea accompanied by vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. Dehydration is a significant concern and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality associated with rotavirus infection.

=== Diagnosis and Treatment ===

Diagnosis of rotavirus infection is commonly made through the detection of the virus in stool samples using enzyme immunoassays. The primary treatment for rotavirus infection is supportive, focusing on hydration and electrolyte repletion.

=== Prevention ===

Prevention of rotavirus infection is primarily through vaccination. As of 2021, two oral vaccines are globally available: Rotarix and RotaTeq.

== See Also ==
* [[Viral gastroenteritis]]
* [[Vaccination]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{stub}}
[[Category:Viral Diseases]]
[[Category:Infectious Diseases]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Virology]]