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2024-05-19T22:29:53Z

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[[file:Rotator_cuff_tear.jpg|thumb|left]] [[file:Rotator_cuff_syndrome.jpg|thumb|left]] [[file:Risk_Factors_of_Rotator_Cuff_Tears.png|thumb|right]] [[image:Rotatorcuff.jpg|thumb|right]] [[file:Acromion_of_left_scapula01.png|thumb|right]] {{Short description|Injury to the shoulder's rotator cuff muscles or tendons}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Rotator cuff tear
| image =
| caption =
| field = [[Orthopedics]]
| symptoms = [[Shoulder pain]], [[weakness]], [[limited range of motion]]
| complications = [[Frozen shoulder]], [[arthritis]]
| onset =
| duration =
| types = [[Partial tear]], [[full-thickness tear]]
| causes = [[Acute injury]], [[chronic overuse]]
| risks = [[Age]], [[repetitive overhead activities]], [[trauma]]
| diagnosis = [[Physical examination]], [[imaging studies]]
| differential = [[Shoulder impingement]], [[bursitis]], [[tendinitis]]
| prevention = [[Strengthening exercises]], [[proper technique]]
| treatment = [[Physical therapy]], [[medications]], [[surgery]]
| prognosis =
| frequency =
}}

A '''rotator cuff tear''' is a common injury involving the [[shoulder]]'s [[rotator cuff]] muscles or tendons. The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and their associated tendons that stabilize the shoulder and allow for its wide range of motion.

== Anatomy ==
The rotator cuff consists of the [[supraspinatus]], [[infraspinatus]], [[teres minor]], and [[subscapularis]] muscles. These muscles originate from the [[scapula]] and attach to the [[humerus]], forming a cuff around the shoulder joint.

== Types ==
Rotator cuff tears can be classified into two main types:
* '''Partial tear''': This type of tear damages the soft tissue but does not completely sever it.
* '''Full-thickness tear''': This type of tear is more severe and involves a complete rupture of the tendon.

== Causes ==
Rotator cuff tears can result from:
* '''Acute injury''': Sudden trauma, such as falling on an outstretched arm.
* '''Chronic overuse''': Repetitive overhead activities, common in sports like [[baseball]] and [[tennis]], or occupations such as painting and carpentry.

== Risk Factors ==
Several factors can increase the risk of developing a rotator cuff tear:
* '''Age''': The risk increases with age due to wear and tear.
* '''Repetitive overhead activities''': Sports and jobs that involve frequent overhead motions.
* '''Trauma''': Direct injury to the shoulder.

== Symptoms ==
Common symptoms of a rotator cuff tear include:
* [[Shoulder pain]], especially at night
* [[Weakness]] in the shoulder
* [[Limited range of motion]]

== Diagnosis ==
Diagnosis typically involves:
* '''Physical examination''': Assessing pain, range of motion, and strength.
* '''Imaging studies''': [[X-ray]]s, [[ultrasound]], or [[MRI]] to visualize the tear.

== Differential Diagnosis ==
Conditions that may present similarly include:
* [[Shoulder impingement]]
* [[Bursitis]]
* [[Tendinitis]]

== Treatment ==
Treatment options vary based on the severity of the tear:
* '''Non-surgical''': [[Physical therapy]], [[medications]] such as [[NSAIDs]], and [[corticosteroid injections]].
* '''Surgical''': [[Arthroscopic surgery]] or open repair for severe cases.

== Prevention ==
Preventive measures include:
* '''Strengthening exercises''': Focused on the rotator cuff and shoulder muscles.
* '''Proper technique''': In sports and occupational activities to avoid overuse injuries.

== Complications ==
Potential complications from a rotator cuff tear include:
* [[Frozen shoulder]] (adhesive capsulitis)
* [[Arthritis]] in the shoulder joint

== See Also ==
* [[Shoulder impingement]]
* [[Bursitis]]
* [[Tendinitis]]
* [[Frozen shoulder]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Orthopedic injuries]]
[[Category:Shoulder injuries]]
[[Category:Sports injuries]]
[[Category:Occupational diseases]]

{{Medicine-stub}}

Rotator cuff tear - Revision history

Prab: CSV import