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			{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Rift Valley fever
			\| image = [[File:Rift_Valley_fever_tissue.jpg\|250px]]
			\| caption = Histopathological image of liver tissue infected with Rift Valley fever
			\| field = [[Infectious disease]]
			\| symptoms = [[Fever]], [[muscle pain]], [[headache]], [[dizziness]], [[weight loss]], [[liver abnormalities]]
			\| complications = [[Hemorrhagic fever]], [[encephalitis]], [[retinitis]], [[blindness]]
			\| onset = 2–6 days after exposure
			\| duration = Typically 4–7 days
			\| causes = [[Rift Valley fever virus]]
			\| risks = Contact with infected animals or their products, [[mosquito]] bites
			\| diagnosis = [[Serology]], [[polymerase chain reaction\|PCR]]
			\| prevention = [[Vaccination]], avoiding contact with infected animals, mosquito control
			\| treatment = Supportive care
			\| prognosis = Generally good, but can be severe in some cases
			\| frequency = Occurs in [[Africa]] and the [[Middle East]]
			}}
			[[File:Viruses-08-00174-g001.png\|Viruses illustration\|thumb\|left]]
			[[File:Rift valley fever distribution.jpg\|Rift Valley fever distribution\|thumb\|left]]
	'''Rift Valley Fever''' ('''RVF''') is a viral zoonosis that primarily affects animals but also has the capacity to infect humans. The disease is caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a member of the genus ''Phlebovirus'' in the family ''Phenuiviridae''. It was first identified in 1931 during an investigation into an epidemic among sheep on a farm in the Rift Valley of Kenya. Since then, outbreaks have been reported in sub-Saharan Africa, with some cases occurring in the Arabian Peninsula.		'''Rift Valley Fever''' ('''RVF''') is a viral zoonosis that primarily affects animals but also has the capacity to infect humans. The disease is caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a member of the genus ''Phlebovirus'' in the family ''Phenuiviridae''. It was first identified in 1931 during an investigation into an epidemic among sheep on a farm in the Rift Valley of Kenya. Since then, outbreaks have been reported in sub-Saharan Africa, with some cases occurring in the Arabian Peninsula.

	==Etiology==		==Etiology==
	RVFV is transmitted by mosquitoes, notably those in the genus ''Aedes'' and ''Culex''. The virus can also be transmitted through contact with the blood, body fluids, or tissues of infected animals. In humans, RVFV infection can result in a range of clinical manifestations, from mild flu-like symptoms to severe conditions such as hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or ocular disease.		RVFV is transmitted by mosquitoes, notably those in the genus ''Aedes'' and ''Culex''. The virus can also be transmitted through contact with the blood, body fluids, or tissues of infected animals. In humans, RVFV infection can result in a range of clinical manifestations, from mild flu-like symptoms to severe conditions such as hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or ocular disease.

	==Epidemiology==		==Epidemiology==
	The distribution of RVF is closely tied to the ecology of its mosquito vectors, with outbreaks often occurring after periods of heavy rainfall, which facilitate mosquito breeding. RVF is endemic in many African countries and parts of the Middle East. The movement of animals and global climate change are factors that could potentially expand the range of RVFV.		The distribution of RVF is closely tied to the ecology of its mosquito vectors, with outbreaks often occurring after periods of heavy rainfall, which facilitate mosquito breeding. RVF is endemic in many African countries and parts of the Middle East. The movement of animals and global climate change are factors that could potentially expand the range of RVFV.

	==Clinical Manifestations==		==Clinical Manifestations==
	In humans, the incubation period of RVFV ranges from 2 to 6 days, following which infected individuals may develop a range of symptoms. Most infections are mild, but approximately 1-2% of cases progress to more severe forms of the disease. Symptoms of RVF include fever, weakness, back pain, dizziness, and weight loss. Severe cases may lead to hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or ocular disease, which can result in permanent vision loss.		In humans, the incubation period of RVFV ranges from 2 to 6 days, following which infected individuals may develop a range of symptoms. Most infections are mild, but approximately 1-2% of cases progress to more severe forms of the disease. Symptoms of RVF include fever, weakness, back pain, dizziness, and weight loss. Severe cases may lead to hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or ocular disease, which can result in permanent vision loss.

	==Diagnosis==		==Diagnosis==
	Diagnosis of RVF is primarily based on the detection of viral RNA, antibodies against the virus, or the virus itself in blood samples. Techniques such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and virus isolation can be used.		Diagnosis of RVF is primarily based on the detection of viral RNA, antibodies against the virus, or the virus itself in blood samples. Techniques such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and virus isolation can be used.

	==Prevention and Control==		==Prevention and Control==
	Preventive measures against RVF include controlling mosquito populations and vaccinating animals in endemic areas. Personal protective measures, such as using insect repellent and wearing protective clothing, can also reduce the risk of infection. Public health efforts focus on surveillance, education, and outbreak response to mitigate the impact of the disease.		Preventive measures against RVF include controlling mosquito populations and vaccinating animals in endemic areas. Personal protective measures, such as using insect repellent and wearing protective clothing, can also reduce the risk of infection. Public health efforts focus on surveillance, education, and outbreak response to mitigate the impact of the disease.

	==Treatment==		==Treatment==
	There is no specific antiviral treatment for RVF. Management of the disease is supportive and based on the symptoms presented by the patient. In cases of severe infection, hospitalization may be required for intensive care.		There is no specific antiviral treatment for RVF. Management of the disease is supportive and based on the symptoms presented by the patient. In cases of severe infection, hospitalization may be required for intensive care.
			==Summary==
	==~~Conclusion~~==
	Rift Valley Fever remains a significant public health concern in endemic regions, with potential for global spread. Ongoing research into vaccines and antiviral therapies, along with effective vector control and surveillance programs, are crucial in managing and preventing RVF outbreaks.		Rift Valley Fever remains a significant public health concern in endemic regions, with potential for global spread. Ongoing research into vaccines and antiviral therapies, along with effective vector control and surveillance programs, are crucial in managing and preventing RVF outbreaks.

	[[Category:Viral diseases]]		[[Category:Viral diseases]]
	[[Category:Zoonoses]]		[[Category:Zoonoses]]
	[[Category:Infectious diseases]]		[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
	{{medicine-stub}}		{{medicine-stub}}
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Rift Valley fever tissue.jpg\|Rift Valley fever tissue~~
	~~File:Viruses-08-00174-g001.png\|Viruses illustration~~
	~~File:Rift valley fever distribution.jpg\|Rift Valley fever distribution~~
	~~</gallery>~~

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2025-02-20T01:22:47Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 01:22, 20 February 2025
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	[[Category:Infectious diseases]]		[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
	{{medicine-stub}}		{{medicine-stub}}
			<gallery>
			File:Rift Valley fever tissue.jpg\|Rift Valley fever tissue
			File:Viruses-08-00174-g001.png\|Viruses illustration
			File:Rift valley fever distribution.jpg\|Rift Valley fever distribution
			</gallery>

Prab: CSV import

2024-03-22T13:00:25Z

CSV import

New page

'''Rift Valley Fever''' ('''RVF''') is a viral zoonosis that primarily affects animals but also has the capacity to infect humans. The disease is caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a member of the genus ''Phlebovirus'' in the family ''Phenuiviridae''. It was first identified in 1931 during an investigation into an epidemic among sheep on a farm in the Rift Valley of Kenya. Since then, outbreaks have been reported in sub-Saharan Africa, with some cases occurring in the Arabian Peninsula.

==Etiology==
RVFV is transmitted by mosquitoes, notably those in the genus ''Aedes'' and ''Culex''. The virus can also be transmitted through contact with the blood, body fluids, or tissues of infected animals. In humans, RVFV infection can result in a range of clinical manifestations, from mild flu-like symptoms to severe conditions such as hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or ocular disease.

==Epidemiology==
The distribution of RVF is closely tied to the ecology of its mosquito vectors, with outbreaks often occurring after periods of heavy rainfall, which facilitate mosquito breeding. RVF is endemic in many African countries and parts of the Middle East. The movement of animals and global climate change are factors that could potentially expand the range of RVFV.

==Clinical Manifestations==
In humans, the incubation period of RVFV ranges from 2 to 6 days, following which infected individuals may develop a range of symptoms. Most infections are mild, but approximately 1-2% of cases progress to more severe forms of the disease. Symptoms of RVF include fever, weakness, back pain, dizziness, and weight loss. Severe cases may lead to hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or ocular disease, which can result in permanent vision loss.

==Diagnosis==
Diagnosis of RVF is primarily based on the detection of viral RNA, antibodies against the virus, or the virus itself in blood samples. Techniques such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and virus isolation can be used.

==Prevention and Control==
Preventive measures against RVF include controlling mosquito populations and vaccinating animals in endemic areas. Personal protective measures, such as using insect repellent and wearing protective clothing, can also reduce the risk of infection. Public health efforts focus on surveillance, education, and outbreak response to mitigate the impact of the disease.

==Treatment==
There is no specific antiviral treatment for RVF. Management of the disease is supportive and based on the symptoms presented by the patient. In cases of severe infection, hospitalization may be required for intensive care.

==Conclusion==
Rift Valley Fever remains a significant public health concern in endemic regions, with potential for global spread. Ongoing research into vaccines and antiviral therapies, along with effective vector control and surveillance programs, are crucial in managing and preventing RVF outbreaks.

[[Category:Viral diseases]]
[[Category:Zoonoses]]
[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
{{medicine-stub}}

Rift Valley fever - Revision history

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