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	'''Rhythmic movement disorder''' ('''RMD''') is a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive movements of large muscle groups immediately before and during sleep often involving the head and neck. It was independently described first in 1905 by Zappert as '''jactatio capitis nocturna''' and by Cruchet as '''rhythmic movement disorder'''.<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Zappert \|first1=J. \|title=Über eine eigenartige Form von Insomnie im Säuglingsalter \|journal=Monatsschrift für Psychiatrie und Neurologie \|date=1905 \|volume=17 \|pages=149–153}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Cruchet \|first1=R. \|title=Les troubles du sommeil chez les enfants \|journal=Archives de Psychologie \|date=1905 \|volume=4 \|pages=40–81}}</ref>

			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Rhythmic movement disorder
			\| synonyms = Jactatio capitis nocturna
			\| field = [[Sleep medicine]]
			\| symptoms = Repetitive movements during sleep, such as [[head banging]], [[body rocking]], or [[head rolling]]
			\| onset = Typically in [[infancy]] or [[early childhood]]
			\| duration = Can persist into [[adulthood]]
			\| causes = Unknown, but may be related to [[developmental disorders]]
			\| risks = [[Sleep disruption]], potential for [[injury]]
			\| diagnosis = Based on [[clinical history]] and [[polysomnography]]
			\| differential = [[Sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder]], [[Restless legs syndrome]], [[Periodic limb movement disorder]]
			\| treatment = [[Behavioral therapy]], [[safety measures]], [[medication]] in severe cases
			\| frequency = Common in [[infants]] and [[young children]]
			}}
			'''Rhythmic movement disorder''' ('''RMD''') is a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive movements of large muscle groups immediately before and during sleep often involving the head and neck. It was independently described first in 1905 by Zappert as '''jactatio capitis nocturna''' and by Cruchet as '''rhythmic movement disorder'''.<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Zappert \|first1=J. \|title=√úber eine eigenartige Form von Insomnie im S√§uglingsalter \|journal=Monatsschrift f√ºr Psychiatrie und Neurologie \|date=1905 \|volume=17 \|pages=149‚Äì153}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Cruchet \|first1=R. \|title=Les troubles du sommeil chez les enfants \|journal=Archives de Psychologie \|date=1905 \|volume=4 \|pages=40‚Äì81}}</ref>
	==Symptoms and signs==		==Symptoms and signs==
	RMD episodes typically last 15 minutes to 2 hours and occur at a frequency of 0.58 Hz. The movements can resemble head banging, head rolling, body rocking, body rolling and leg banging.<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=American Academy of Sleep Medicine \|title=International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Revised: Diagnostic and Coding Manual \|year=2001 \|publisher=American Academy of Sleep Medicine \|location=Chicago, Illinois}}</ref>		RMD episodes typically last 15 minutes to 2 hours and occur at a frequency of 0.58 Hz. The movements can resemble head banging, head rolling, body rocking, body rolling and leg banging.<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=American Academy of Sleep Medicine \|title=International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Revised: Diagnostic and Coding Manual \|year=2001 \|publisher=American Academy of Sleep Medicine \|location=Chicago, Illinois}}</ref>

	==Causes==		==Causes==
	The exact cause of RMD is unknown, but it is believed to be related to [[stress]] and [[anxiety]]. It is also associated with [[developmental disorders]] and [[neurological disorders]].<ref>{{cite web \|last1=National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke \|title=NINDS Rhythmic Movement Disorder Information Page \|url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Rhythmic-Movement-Disorder-Information-Page \|accessdate=20 April 2017}}</ref>		The exact cause of RMD is unknown, but it is believed to be related to [[stress]] and [[anxiety]]. It is also associated with [[developmental disorders]] and [[neurological disorders]].<ref>{{cite web \|last1=National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke \|title=NINDS Rhythmic Movement Disorder Information Page \|url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Rhythmic-Movement-Disorder-Information-Page \|accessdate=20 April 2017}}</ref>

	==Diagnosis==		==Diagnosis==
	Diagnosis of RMD is typically made through [[sleep study]] (polysomnography). This involves monitoring brain waves, muscle tension, eye movement, respiration, and the level of oxygen in the blood while the patient sleeps.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=American Sleep Association \|title=Rhythmic Movement Disorder \|url=https://www.sleepassociation.org/sleep-disorders/more-sleep-disorders/rhythmic-movement-disorder/ \|accessdate=20 April 2017}}</ref>		Diagnosis of RMD is typically made through [[sleep study]] (polysomnography). This involves monitoring brain waves, muscle tension, eye movement, respiration, and the level of oxygen in the blood while the patient sleeps.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=American Sleep Association \|title=Rhythmic Movement Disorder \|url=https://www.sleepassociation.org/sleep-disorders/more-sleep-disorders/rhythmic-movement-disorder/ \|accessdate=20 April 2017}}</ref>

	==Treatment==		==Treatment==
	Treatment for RMD is usually not necessary unless the disorder is causing significant sleep disruption or risk of injury. In such cases, treatment may include [[behavioral therapy]], [[medication]], or a combination of both.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=American Sleep Association \|title=Rhythmic Movement Disorder \|url=https://www.sleepassociation.org/sleep-disorders/more-sleep-disorders/rhythmic-movement-disorder/ \|accessdate=20 April 2017}}</ref>		Treatment for RMD is usually not necessary unless the disorder is causing significant sleep disruption or risk of injury. In such cases, treatment may include [[behavioral therapy]], [[medication]], or a combination of both.<ref>{{cite web \|last1=American Sleep Association \|title=Rhythmic Movement Disorder \|url=https://www.sleepassociation.org/sleep-disorders/more-sleep-disorders/rhythmic-movement-disorder/ \|accessdate=20 April 2017}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
	* [[Sleep disorder]]		* [[Sleep disorder]]
	* [[Parasomnia]]		* [[Parasomnia]]
	* [[Restless legs syndrome]]		* [[Restless legs syndrome]]

	==References==		==References==
	<references />		<references />

	[[Category:Sleep disorders]]		[[Category:Sleep disorders]]
	[[Category:Neurological disorders]]		[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
	[[Category:Psychiatric diagnosis]]		[[Category:Psychiatric diagnosis]]

	{{stub}}		{{stub}}

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'''Rhythmic movement disorder''' ('''RMD''') is a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive movements of large muscle groups immediately before and during sleep often involving the head and neck. It was independently described first in 1905 by Zappert as '''jactatio capitis nocturna''' and by Cruchet as '''rhythmic movement disorder'''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zappert |first1=J. |title=Über eine eigenartige Form von Insomnie im Säuglingsalter |journal=Monatsschrift für Psychiatrie und Neurologie |date=1905 |volume=17 |pages=149–153}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cruchet |first1=R. |title=Les troubles du sommeil chez les enfants |journal=Archives de Psychologie |date=1905 |volume=4 |pages=40–81}}</ref>

==Symptoms and signs==
RMD episodes typically last 15 minutes to 2 hours and occur at a frequency of 0.58 Hz. The movements can resemble head banging, head rolling, body rocking, body rolling and leg banging.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=American Academy of Sleep Medicine |title=International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Revised: Diagnostic and Coding Manual |year=2001 |publisher=American Academy of Sleep Medicine |location=Chicago, Illinois}}</ref>

==Causes==
The exact cause of RMD is unknown, but it is believed to be related to [[stress]] and [[anxiety]]. It is also associated with [[developmental disorders]] and [[neurological disorders]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke |title=NINDS Rhythmic Movement Disorder Information Page |url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Rhythmic-Movement-Disorder-Information-Page |accessdate=20 April 2017}}</ref>

==Diagnosis==
Diagnosis of RMD is typically made through [[sleep study]] (polysomnography). This involves monitoring brain waves, muscle tension, eye movement, respiration, and the level of oxygen in the blood while the patient sleeps.<ref>{{cite web |last1=American Sleep Association |title=Rhythmic Movement Disorder |url=https://www.sleepassociation.org/sleep-disorders/more-sleep-disorders/rhythmic-movement-disorder/ |accessdate=20 April 2017}}</ref>

==Treatment==
Treatment for RMD is usually not necessary unless the disorder is causing significant sleep disruption or risk of injury. In such cases, treatment may include [[behavioral therapy]], [[medication]], or a combination of both.<ref>{{cite web |last1=American Sleep Association |title=Rhythmic Movement Disorder |url=https://www.sleepassociation.org/sleep-disorders/more-sleep-disorders/rhythmic-movement-disorder/ |accessdate=20 April 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Sleep disorder]]
* [[Parasomnia]]
* [[Restless legs syndrome]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Sleep disorders]]
[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
[[Category:Psychiatric diagnosis]]

{{stub}}

Rhythmic movement disorder - Revision history

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