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	'''Reduction''' is a chemical reaction that involves the gaining of electrons by a substance. It is the opposite of [[oxidation]], and together these two processes are known as [[redox]] reactions. Reduction can also refer to the process of decreasing the size, amount, or degree of something.		{{Chemistry-stub}}

	~~==Chemical~~ Reduction==		'''Reduction''' is a chemical reaction that involves the gain of [[Electron\|electrons]] or the decrease in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion. Reduction is the reverse process of [[Oxidation\|oxidation]], and together these two reactions form [[Redox\|redox reactions]] (reduction-oxidation reactions). In a redox reaction, the substance that donates electrons is said to be oxidized, while the substance that gains electrons is reduced.

	In [[chemistry]], ~~reduction is a reaction that results in the gain of electrons by a molecule~~, ~~atom, or ion~~. ~~This can occur through the direct transfer of electrons~~, ~~or by~~ the ~~addition~~ of ~~hydrogen. The term 'reduction' comes~~ from ~~the Latin word 'reducere'~~, ~~meaning 'to lead back'. This reflects the fact that~~ in ~~a reduction reaction, a substance is brought back to a lower oxidation state~~.		==Overview==
			Reduction occurs when an atom or ion gains electrons, leading to a decrease in its oxidation state. This process is fundamental in various branches of chemistry, including [[Organic chemistry\|organic chemistry]], [[Inorganic chemistry\|inorganic chemistry]], and [[Biochemistry\|biochemistry]]. Reduction reactions are crucial in numerous industrial applications, such as the extraction of metals from their ores in [[Metallurgy\|metallurgy]], and in energy storage systems like [[Battery (electricity)\|batteries]].

	==~~Reduction in Mathematics and Computer Science~~==		==Mechanism==
			In a reduction reaction, electrons are transferred to a chemical species. This can occur through various mechanisms, depending on the nature of the reactants and the conditions under which the reaction occurs. Common mechanisms include direct transfer of electrons, transfer via a [[Catalyst\|catalyst]], or through a series of steps in an [[Electrochemical cell\|electrochemical cell]].

	~~In [[mathematics]] and [[computer science]]~~, ~~reduction is a process or method~~ of ~~making~~ a ~~problem or task simpler by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable parts~~. ~~This can involve reducing a complex problem to a simpler one, or transforming a problem into another problem that~~ is ~~easier~~ to ~~solve.~~		==Examples==
			1. '''Hydrogenation''' - The addition of hydrogen to an organic compound, typically in the presence of a catalyst. An example is the hydrogenation of ethene to produce ethane:
			\[ \text{C}_2\text{H}_4 + \text{H}_2 \rightarrow \text{C}_2\text{H}_6 \]

	==Reduction in ~~Medicine==~~		2. '''Metal Reduction''' - The reduction of metal ions in ores to pure metals, such as the reduction of iron in the [[Blast furnace]] process:
			\[ \text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3 + 3\text{CO} \rightarrow 2\text{Fe} + 3\text{CO}_2 \]

	In [[~~medicine~~]], reduction ~~refers~~ to the ~~process~~ of ~~restoring a dislocated or fractured bone to its normal position. This can be achieved through manual manipulation, surgery, or by using a device such as a splint or cast~~.		==Applications==
			Reduction reactions are essential in various fields:
	~~==Reduction in Cooking==~~		- In [[Environmental science\|environmental science]], reduction processes are used to detoxify hazardous substances.
			- In [[Pharmaceutical industry\|pharmaceuticals]], reduction is involved in the synthesis of many drugs.
	In [[~~cooking~~]], reduction ~~is the process~~ of ~~thickening~~ and ~~intensifying the flavor of a liquid, such as a soup or sauce, by simmering or boiling~~.		- In [[Energy production\|energy production]], reduction reactions are part of processes like [[Photosynthesis\|photosynthesis]] and [[Cellular respiration\|cellular respiration]].

	==See Also==		==See Also==
			* [[Oxidizing agent]]
			* [[Reducing agent]]
			* [[Electrochemistry]]
			* [[Corrosion]]

	* [[Oxidation]]		[[Category:Chemical reactions]]
	* [[Redox]]		[[Category:Redox reactions]]
	* [[Chemical reaction]]
	* [[Dislocation (medicine)]]
	* [[Fracture]]

	[[Category:~~Chemistry~~]]
	[[Category:~~Mathematics]]~~
	~~[[Category:Computer Science]]~~
	~~[[Category:Medicine~~]]
	~~[[Category:Cooking]]~~

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2024-02-25T16:14:38Z

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'''Reduction''' is a chemical reaction that involves the gaining of electrons by a substance. It is the opposite of [[oxidation]], and together these two processes are known as [[redox]] reactions. Reduction can also refer to the process of decreasing the size, amount, or degree of something.

==Chemical Reduction==

In [[chemistry]], reduction is a reaction that results in the gain of electrons by a molecule, atom, or ion. This can occur through the direct transfer of electrons, or by the addition of hydrogen. The term 'reduction' comes from the Latin word 'reducere', meaning 'to lead back'. This reflects the fact that in a reduction reaction, a substance is brought back to a lower oxidation state.

==Reduction in Mathematics and Computer Science==

In [[mathematics]] and [[computer science]], reduction is a process or method of making a problem or task simpler by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable parts. This can involve reducing a complex problem to a simpler one, or transforming a problem into another problem that is easier to solve.

==Reduction in Medicine==

In [[medicine]], reduction refers to the process of restoring a dislocated or fractured bone to its normal position. This can be achieved through manual manipulation, surgery, or by using a device such as a splint or cast.

==Reduction in Cooking==

In [[cooking]], reduction is the process of thickening and intensifying the flavor of a liquid, such as a soup or sauce, by simmering or boiling.

==See Also==

* [[Oxidation]]
* [[Redox]]
* [[Chemical reaction]]
* [[Dislocation (medicine)]]
* [[Fracture]]

[[Category:Chemistry]]
[[Category:Mathematics]]
[[Category:Computer Science]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Cooking]]

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Reduction - Revision history

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