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	<id>https://wikimd.com/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=R_v_Lee</id>
	<title>R v Lee - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-04-24T15:24:38Z</updated>
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		<id>https://wikimd.com/index.php?title=R_v_Lee&amp;diff=6430471&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Prab: CSV import</title>
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		<updated>2025-03-05T21:09:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;CSV import&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 21:09, 5 March 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Short &lt;/del&gt;description|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A landmark &lt;/del&gt;case in New Zealand &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;law regarding consent and bodily harm&lt;/del&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;short &lt;/ins&gt;description|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Legal &lt;/ins&gt;case in New Zealand}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;R v Lee&#039;&#039;&#039; is a significant case in [[New Zealand]] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;criminal &lt;/del&gt;law&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, particularly concerning &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;issues &lt;/del&gt;of [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;consent (&lt;/del&gt;criminal law&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;)|consent&lt;/del&gt;]] and [[bodily harm&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/del&gt;. The case &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;was decided by &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Supreme Court &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;New Zealand]] and has implications for how &lt;/del&gt;consent &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is treated &lt;/del&gt;in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;situations involving potential harm&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== R v Lee ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;R v Lee&#039;&#039;&#039; is a significant &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;legal &lt;/ins&gt;case in [[New Zealand]] law &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;that addresses &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;intersection &lt;/ins&gt;of [[criminal law]] and [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;consent]] in the context of &lt;/ins&gt;bodily harm. The case &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is often cited in discussions about &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;limits &lt;/ins&gt;of consent &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;as a defense &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;criminal proceedings&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Background==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Background ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The case arose from an incident involving a [[religious &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ritual&lt;/del&gt;]] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;performed by &lt;/del&gt;the defendant, Mr. Lee, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;who &lt;/del&gt;was &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a &lt;/del&gt;[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;faith healer&lt;/del&gt;]]&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. During the ritual, the victim, &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;woman, &lt;/del&gt;died &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;as a result of the actions taken by Mr. Lee&lt;/del&gt;. The &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ritual involved physical actions that were intended &lt;/del&gt;to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;exorcise demons from &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;victim, but these &lt;/del&gt;actions &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ultimately &lt;/del&gt;led to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;her &lt;/del&gt;death.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The case arose from an incident involving a [[religious]] &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ritual that resulted in &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;death of a participant. The &lt;/ins&gt;defendant, Mr. Lee, was &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;charged with &lt;/ins&gt;[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;manslaughter&lt;/ins&gt;]] &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;after &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;person &lt;/ins&gt;died &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;during an exorcism ceremony&lt;/ins&gt;. The &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;central legal question was whether the deceased had consented &lt;/ins&gt;to the actions &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;that &lt;/ins&gt;led to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;their &lt;/ins&gt;death &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and whether such consent could be a valid defense against the charge of manslaughter&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Legal Issues==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Legal Issues ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The primary legal issue in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;R v Lee&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039; &lt;/del&gt;was &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;whether &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;victim&#039;s &lt;/del&gt;consent to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the ritual could be &lt;/del&gt;a defense to the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;charge of [[manslaughter]]&lt;/del&gt;. The &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;case required the &lt;/del&gt;court to consider the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;extent to which a person can consent to bodily harm and whether such &lt;/del&gt;consent &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is valid &lt;/del&gt;in the context of religious &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;practices&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The primary legal issue in R v Lee was the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;extent to which a person can &lt;/ins&gt;consent to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;bodily harm. Under New Zealand law, consent is generally &lt;/ins&gt;a defense to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;charges of assault, but there are limits, especially when &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;harm is serious or results in death&lt;/ins&gt;. The court &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;had &lt;/ins&gt;to consider &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;whether &lt;/ins&gt;the consent &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;given &lt;/ins&gt;in the context of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a &lt;/ins&gt;religious &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ritual was valid and whether it could absolve the defendant of criminal liability&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Court&#039;s Decision==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Court&#039;s Decision ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Supreme Court of New Zealand]] &lt;/del&gt;held that consent could not be a defense &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;to manslaughter &lt;/del&gt;in this case. The &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;court &lt;/del&gt;reasoned that while individuals have the right to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;consent to certain levels &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;harm&lt;/del&gt;, there are limits to this &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;consent&lt;/del&gt;, especially when the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;harm &lt;/del&gt;results in death. The court emphasized the importance of protecting individuals from &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;serious &lt;/del&gt;harm, even in the context of consensual activities.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;court ultimately &lt;/ins&gt;held that consent could not be &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;used as &lt;/ins&gt;a defense in this case. The &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;judges &lt;/ins&gt;reasoned that while individuals have the right to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;engage in activities that involve some level &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;risk&lt;/ins&gt;, there are &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;public policy &lt;/ins&gt;limits to this &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;right&lt;/ins&gt;, especially when the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;activity &lt;/ins&gt;results in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;serious harm or &lt;/ins&gt;death. The court emphasized the importance of protecting individuals from harm, even in the context of consensual activities.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Implications&lt;/del&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Impact &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The decision in &#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;R v Lee&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039; has significant implications for the legal treatment of consent in New Zealand. It clarifies that there are boundaries to what individuals can consent to, particularly in situations where the risk of serious harm or death is present. This case &lt;/del&gt;is often &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cited &lt;/del&gt;in discussions about the limits of personal autonomy and the role of the state in protecting &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;individuals &lt;/del&gt;from harm.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;R v Lee is often &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;referenced &lt;/ins&gt;in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;legal &lt;/ins&gt;discussions about the limits of personal autonomy and the role of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;consent in criminal law. It highlights the tension between individual freedom and &lt;/ins&gt;the state&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;s interest &lt;/ins&gt;in protecting &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;citizens &lt;/ins&gt;from harm&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. The case is also significant for its exploration of the role of cultural and religious practices in legal contexts&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Related Pages==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Related Pages ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [[Criminal law of New Zealand]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Consent (criminal law)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Consent (criminal law)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Manslaughter]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Manslaughter]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [[Supreme Court of New Zealand]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Religious freedom]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [[Religious freedom]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Gallery==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Gallery ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Cyclobenzaprine_10mg_Tablets.jpg|Cyclobenzaprine 10mg Tablets|thumb|right]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[File:Cyclobenzaprine_10mg_Tablets.jpg|Cyclobenzaprine 10mg Tablets|thumb|right]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:New Zealand case law]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:New Zealand case law]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:2006 in New Zealand law]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Supreme Court of New Zealand cases]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Criminal law]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Criminal law]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:2000s in New Zealand]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Prab</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wikimd.com/index.php?title=R_v_Lee&amp;diff=6427921&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Prab: CSV import</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wikimd.com/index.php?title=R_v_Lee&amp;diff=6427921&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-03-05T06:17:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;CSV import&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Short description|A landmark case in New Zealand law regarding consent and bodily harm}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;R v Lee&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is a significant case in [[New Zealand]] criminal law, particularly concerning the issues of [[consent (criminal law)|consent]] and [[bodily harm]]. The case was decided by the [[Supreme Court of New Zealand]] and has implications for how consent is treated in situations involving potential harm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Background==&lt;br /&gt;
The case arose from an incident involving a [[religious ritual]] performed by the defendant, Mr. Lee, who was a [[faith healer]]. During the ritual, the victim, a woman, died as a result of the actions taken by Mr. Lee. The ritual involved physical actions that were intended to exorcise demons from the victim, but these actions ultimately led to her death.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Legal Issues==&lt;br /&gt;
The primary legal issue in &amp;#039;&amp;#039;R v Lee&amp;#039;&amp;#039; was whether the victim&amp;#039;s consent to the ritual could be a defense to the charge of [[manslaughter]]. The case required the court to consider the extent to which a person can consent to bodily harm and whether such consent is valid in the context of religious practices.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Court&amp;#039;s Decision==&lt;br /&gt;
The [[Supreme Court of New Zealand]] held that consent could not be a defense to manslaughter in this case. The court reasoned that while individuals have the right to consent to certain levels of harm, there are limits to this consent, especially when the harm results in death. The court emphasized the importance of protecting individuals from serious harm, even in the context of consensual activities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Implications==&lt;br /&gt;
The decision in &amp;#039;&amp;#039;R v Lee&amp;#039;&amp;#039; has significant implications for the legal treatment of consent in New Zealand. It clarifies that there are boundaries to what individuals can consent to, particularly in situations where the risk of serious harm or death is present. This case is often cited in discussions about the limits of personal autonomy and the role of the state in protecting individuals from harm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Related Pages==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Consent (criminal law)]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Manslaughter]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Supreme Court of New Zealand]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Religious freedom]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Gallery==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Cyclobenzaprine_10mg_Tablets.jpg|Cyclobenzaprine 10mg Tablets|thumb|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:New Zealand case law]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2006 in New Zealand law]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Supreme Court of New Zealand cases]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Criminal law]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Prab</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>