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			== RNA_interference ==
			<gallery>
			File:ShRNA_Lentivirus.svg\|ShRNA Lentivirus
			File:2ffl-by-domain.png\|2ffl by domain
			File:Microrna_secondary_structure.png\|Microrna secondary structure
			File:RNAi_overview.png\|RNAi overview
			File:Argonaute_1u04_1ytu_composite.png\|Argonaute 1u04 1ytu composite
			File:RNAi-simplified.png\|RNAi simplified
			File:Rnai_diagram_retrovirology.png\|Rnai diagram retrovirology
			File:Drosophila_melanogaster_-_side_(aka).jpg\|Drosophila melanogaster - side (aka)
			File:Vertical_Timeline_of_RNAi's_Use_in_Medicine.pdf\|Vertical Timeline of RNAi's Use in Medicine
			File:Rnai_phenotype_petunia_crop.png\|Rnai phenotype petunia crop
			</gallery>

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2024-03-22T09:50:18Z

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'''RNA interference (RNAi)''' is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, by neutralizing targeted [[mRNA]] molecules. Historically, it was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. The discovery of RNAi was preceded by observations of transcriptional inhibition by antisense RNA expressed in transgenic plants and more directly by reports of unexpected outcomes in experiments performed by plant scientists in the late 1990s. The detailed study of these phenomena led to the discovery of RNAi in [[Caenorhabditis elegans]] (a type of nematode) by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello, who were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2006 for their work.

==Mechanism==
RNA interference involves several steps in the pathway. It begins with the enzyme [[Dicer]], which chops long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules into smaller pieces called small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). These siRNAs are then incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Guided by the siRNA, the RISC complex identifies complementary mRNA molecules and cleaves them, thereby preventing the mRNA from being used as a template for protein synthesis. This process effectively silences the expression of specific genes.

==Types of RNAi==
There are two main types of RNA interference: microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA). miRNAs are endogenously produced in cells and regulate gene expression by binding to complementary sequences on target mRNAs, often resulting in gene silencing. siRNAs, on the other hand, are often introduced into the cell from the outside and have a similar mechanism of action but are generally used to silence specific genes.

==Applications==
RNA interference has been harnessed for various applications in research, medicine, and agriculture. In research, it is used to study gene function by silencing specific genes and observing the resulting phenotypic changes. In medicine, RNAi has potential therapeutic applications, such as in the treatment of viral infections, cancer, and genetic disorders. In agriculture, RNAi is used to develop crops that are resistant to pests and diseases.

==Challenges and Future Directions==
Despite its potential, the application of RNA interference in medicine faces several challenges, including delivery to target cells, off-target effects, and immune system activation. Researchers are actively working on developing more efficient and specific delivery methods to overcome these hurdles.

==See Also==
* [[Gene silencing]]
* [[Antisense RNA]]
* [[Biotechnology]]
* [[Genetic engineering]]

[[Category:Genetics]]
[[Category:Molecular biology]]
[[Category:Biotechnology]]

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RNA interference - Revision history

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