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 '''Progressive Outer Retinal Necrosis''' (PORN) is a severe [[infection]] of the [[retina]] that can lead to [[blindness]]. It is a variant of [[necrotizing herpetic retinopathy]], and is typically seen in patients with severely compromised [[immune system]]s, such as those with [[AIDS]] or those undergoing [[immunosuppressive therapy]].
 ==Etiology==
 Progressive outer retinal necrosis is caused by the [[varicella-zoster virus]] (VZV), the same virus that causes [[chickenpox]] and [[shingles]]. The virus lies dormant in the [[nerve cells]] and can reactivate in individuals with weakened immune systems, leading to PORN.
 ==Clinical Presentation==
 Patients with progressive outer retinal necrosis typically present with rapidly progressive, painless, bilateral [[vision loss]]. Other symptoms may include [[floaters]], [[photopsia]] (flashes of light), and [[peripheral vision]] loss. On [[ophthalmic examination]], multiple areas of retinal necrosis with clear borders can be seen in the peripheral retina, along with [[vasculitis]] and [[optic nerve]] pallor.
 ==Diagnosis==
 Diagnosis of PORN is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the retina on examination. [[Fluorescein angiography]] and [[optical coherence tomography]] may be used to confirm the diagnosis. [[Polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) testing of [[aqueous humor]] or [[vitreous humor]] can be used to detect VZV DNA and confirm the etiology.
 ==Treatment==
 Treatment of progressive outer retinal necrosis involves aggressive systemic [[antiviral therapy]] to control the VZV infection, along with [[corticosteroids]] to reduce inflammation. Despite treatment, the prognosis is often poor, with many patients experiencing severe vision loss or blindness.
 ==See Also==
 * [[Retinitis]]
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 * [[Acute retinal necrosis]]
 * [[Varicella-zoster virus]]
 [[Category:Ophthalmology]]
 [[Category:Infectious diseases]]
 [[Category:Viral diseases]]
 [[Category:Retinal disorders]]
 {{Virus-stub}}

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	{{Infectious-disease-stub}}		{{Infectious-disease-stub}}
	{{Virus-stub}}		{{Virus-stub}}

			== Progressive outer retinal necrosis ==
			<gallery>
			File:PMID20029144_05_progressive_outer_retinal_necrosis_-_cracked_mud.png
			</gallery>

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New page

'''Progressive Outer Retinal Necrosis''' (PORN) is a severe [[infection]] of the [[retina]] that can lead to [[blindness]]. It is a variant of [[necrotizing herpetic retinopathy]], and is typically seen in patients with severely compromised [[immune system]]s, such as those with [[AIDS]] or those undergoing [[immunosuppressive therapy]].

==Etiology==

Progressive outer retinal necrosis is caused by the [[varicella-zoster virus]] (VZV), the same virus that causes [[chickenpox]] and [[shingles]]. The virus lies dormant in the [[nerve cells]] and can reactivate in individuals with weakened immune systems, leading to PORN.

==Clinical Presentation==

Patients with progressive outer retinal necrosis typically present with rapidly progressive, painless, bilateral [[vision loss]]. Other symptoms may include [[floaters]], [[photopsia]] (flashes of light), and [[peripheral vision]] loss. On [[ophthalmic examination]], multiple areas of retinal necrosis with clear borders can be seen in the peripheral retina, along with [[vasculitis]] and [[optic nerve]] pallor.

==Diagnosis==

Diagnosis of PORN is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the retina on examination. [[Fluorescein angiography]] and [[optical coherence tomography]] may be used to confirm the diagnosis. [[Polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) testing of [[aqueous humor]] or [[vitreous humor]] can be used to detect VZV DNA and confirm the etiology.

==Treatment==

Treatment of progressive outer retinal necrosis involves aggressive systemic [[antiviral therapy]] to control the VZV infection, along with [[corticosteroids]] to reduce inflammation. Despite treatment, the prognosis is often poor, with many patients experiencing severe vision loss or blindness.

==See Also==
* [[Retinitis]]
* [[Cytomegalovirus retinitis]]
* [[Acute retinal necrosis]]
* [[Varicella-zoster virus]]

[[Category:Ophthalmology]]
[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
[[Category:Viral diseases]]
[[Category:Retinal disorders]]
{{Ophthalmology-stub}}
{{Infectious-disease-stub}}
{{Virus-stub}}

Progressive outer retinal necrosis - Revision history

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