https://wikimd.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=ProctoscopyProctoscopy - Revision history2026-05-13T18:02:05ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.44.2https://wikimd.org/index.php?title=Proctoscopy&diff=4966703&oldid=prevPrab at 01:33, 5 September 20232023-09-05T01:33:05Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Infobox interventions |<br />
Name = Proctoscopy |<br />
Image = Anoscope, proctoscope and rectoscope.png |<br />
Caption = An [[anoscope]], a '''proctoscope''' and a '''rectoscope''', and their approximate lengths. |<br />
ICD10 = |<br />
ICD9 = {{ICD9proc|48.2}} |<br />
MeshID = D011351 |<br />
OPS301 = {{OPS301|1-653}} | <br />
OtherCodes = |<br />
}}<br />
'''Proctoscopy''' is a common medical procedure in which an instrument called a proctoscope (also known as a '''rectoscope''', although the latter may be a bit longer) is used to examine the [[anal cavity]], [[rectum]], or [[sigmoid colon]]. A proctoscope is a short, straight, rigid, hollow metal tube, and usually has a small light bulb mounted at the end. It is approximately 5&nbsp;inches or 15&nbsp;cm long, while a rectoscope is approximately 10&nbsp;inches or 25&nbsp;cm long.<ref>{{citation |pages=200–217 |title=Digestive Endoscopy in the Second Millennium: From the Lichtleiter to Echoendoscopy |author=Francisco Vilardell |publisher=Thieme |year=2006 |isbn=9781588904201}}</ref> During proctoscopy, the proctoscope is lubricated and inserted into the [[rectum]], and then the [[wikt:obturator|obturator]] is removed, allowing an unobstructed view of the interior of the rectal cavity. This procedure is normally done to inspect for [[hemorrhoids]] or rectal [[polyp (medicine)|polyp]]s and might be mildly uncomfortable as the proctoscope is inserted further into the rectum. Modern [[fibre-optic]] proctoscopes allow more extensive observation with less discomfort.<br />
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==Proctoscopes==<br />
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[[File:2008 Proktoskop 1.jpg|thumb|upright|Two proctoscopes]]<br />
A '''proctoscope''' is a hollow, tube-like [[speculum (medical)|speculum]] that is used for visual inspection of the rectum.<ref name=freedic>{{cite web|title=Proctoscope: Definition|url=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/proctoscope|publisher=The Free Dictionary|accessdate=27 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Medical Definition of Proctoscope|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/proctoscope|publisher=Merriam Webster|accessdate=27 August 2012}}</ref> Both disposable and non-disposable proctoscopes are available for use. Out of these, the non-disposable Kelly's rectal speculum,<ref name=medlexicon>{{cite web|title=Definition of Kelly's rectal speculum|url=http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=83393|publisher=MediLexicon|accessdate=27 August 2012}}</ref> named after the American gynecologist [[Howard Atwood Kelly]], is the most commonly used speculum for proctoscopy. Some proctoscopes have a light source for better visibility. The proctoscope is inserted into the [[anal canal]] with the patient in [[Sims' position]]. Fibre optic proctoscopes are now available which cause less discomfort to the patient.<br /><br />
The proctoscope is used in the diagnosis of [[hemorrhoids]], carcinoma of anal canal or rectum and [[rectal polyp]]. It is used therapeutically for [[polypectomy]] and rectal biopsy.<br />
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[[File:Anoscope, proctoscope and rectoscope.svg|thumb|right|A proctoscope (middle) with an [[anoscope]] and a rectoscope]]<br />
Disposable proctoscopes without light are also available. The proctoscope also has a hollow channel through which other instruments may be inserted. For example, another instrument may be used to take a [[biopsy]] of a small amount of [[Biological tissue|tissue]] for examination under a [[microscope]]. Also, air may be injected through the proctoscope to help make viewing easier. Similar instruments, the [[sigmoidoscopy|sigmoidoscope]] and [[colonoscopy|colonoscope]] may be used to visualize more proximal parts of the bowels..<br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[Endoscopy]]<br />
* [[Anoscopy]]<br />
* [[Hemorrhoids]]<br />
* [[Rubber band ligation]]<br />
* [[Rectal dilator]]<br />
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==Notes==<br />
<references/><br />
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==References==<br />
*Moore et al. (2010) ''Clinically Oriented Anatomy'' 6th edition<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Proctoscopy}}<br />
{{stub}}<br />
{{Digestive system surgical procedures}}<br />
{{Endoscopy}}<br />
[[Category:Colorectal surgery]]<br />
[[Category:Digestive system procedures]]</div>Prab