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	~~'''~~Primaquine''' is an [[antimalarial medication]] used to prevent and treat [[malaria]]. It is particularly effective against the [[Plasmodium vivax]] and [[Plasmodium ovale]] species of the malaria parasite, which have dormant liver stage parasites that can reactivate and cause a relapse of the disease. Primaquine is also used in the treatment of [[Pneumocystis pneumonia]] (PCP), a fungal infection commonly occurring in people with [[AIDS]].		== Primaquine ==

	~~==Medical Uses==~~		[[File:Primaquine.svg\|thumb\|right\|Chemical structure of Primaquine]]
	Primaquine ~~is used both in the treatment and prevention of malaria~~. ~~It is particularly effective against the Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale species, which have dormant liver stage parasites that can reactivate and cause a relapse~~ of ~~the disease.~~ Primaquine ~~is also used in the treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), a fungal infection commonly occurring in people with AIDS.~~

	~~==Side Effects==~~		'''Primaquine''' is an [[antimalarial]] medication used to treat and prevent [[malaria]], a disease caused by [[Plasmodium]] parasites. It is particularly effective against the [[liver stage]] of the parasite, making it a crucial component in the treatment of [[Plasmodium vivax]] and [[Plasmodium ovale]] infections.
	~~Common side effects of~~ Primaquine ~~include nausea, vomiting,~~ and ~~stomach cramps. A more serious side effect is~~ [[~~hemolytic anemia~~]], ~~particularly in individuals with~~ [[~~G6PD deficiency~~]]. ~~This~~ is a ~~condition where red blood cells break down faster than~~ the ~~body can make them due to a lack~~ of ~~an enzyme called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase~~.

	==~~Pharmacology~~==		== Mechanism of Action ==
	Primaquine is a prodrug, its pharmacologically active metabolite is unknown. It is thought to work by generating reactive oxygen species or by interfering with the parasite's ability to protect itself from them.

	~~==History==~~		Primaquine works by interfering with the [[mitochondrial electron transport chain]] of the malaria parasite. It is effective against the [[hypnozoite]] forms of P. vivax and P. ovale, which are dormant liver stages that can cause relapses of malaria. By targeting these stages, primaquine helps to prevent the recurrence of the disease.
	Primaquine ~~was first made in~~ the ~~1940s and came into medical use in 1952~~. It is on the [[~~World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines~~]], the ~~safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system~~.

	==~~References~~==		== Uses ==
	~~<references />~~
			=== Treatment of Malaria ===

			Primaquine is used in combination with other antimalarial drugs to treat P. vivax and P. ovale infections. It is administered after the initial treatment with drugs like [[chloroquine]] to clear the blood stages of the parasite. Primaquine is then used to eliminate the liver stages, preventing relapses.

			=== Malaria Prophylaxis ===

			In some cases, primaquine is used as a prophylactic measure to prevent malaria in travelers to areas where P. vivax and P. ovale are prevalent. However, its use is limited due to potential side effects and the need for [[glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]] (G6PD) testing before administration.

			== Side Effects ==

			[[File:Primaquine.svg\|thumb\|left\|Primaquine is an 8-aminoquinoline compound]]

			Common side effects of primaquine include [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], and [[stomach cramps]]. A significant concern with primaquine is its potential to cause [[hemolytic anemia]] in individuals with G6PD deficiency. Therefore, screening for G6PD deficiency is recommended before starting treatment with primaquine.

			== Contraindications ==

			Primaquine is contraindicated in individuals with known G6PD deficiency due to the risk of hemolytic anemia. It is also not recommended for use during [[pregnancy]] or in individuals with severe [[liver disease]].

			== Related Pages ==

	~~==See Also==~~
	* [[Antimalarial medication]]
	* [[Malaria]]		* [[Malaria]]
	* [[~~Pneumocystis pneumonia~~]]		* [[Antimalarial medications]]
	* [[~~G6PD~~ deficiency]]		* [[Plasmodium vivax]]
			* [[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]]

	[[Category:Antimalarial agents]]		[[Category:Antimalarial agents]]
	~~[[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]]~~
	~~[[Category:Medications]]~~

	~~{{stub}}~~

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2024-02-23T23:59:27Z

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'''Primaquine''' is an [[antimalarial medication]] used to prevent and treat [[malaria]]. It is particularly effective against the [[Plasmodium vivax]] and [[Plasmodium ovale]] species of the malaria parasite, which have dormant liver stage parasites that can reactivate and cause a relapse of the disease. Primaquine is also used in the treatment of [[Pneumocystis pneumonia]] (PCP), a fungal infection commonly occurring in people with [[AIDS]].

==Medical Uses==
Primaquine is used both in the treatment and prevention of malaria. It is particularly effective against the Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale species, which have dormant liver stage parasites that can reactivate and cause a relapse of the disease. Primaquine is also used in the treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), a fungal infection commonly occurring in people with AIDS.

==Side Effects==
Common side effects of Primaquine include nausea, vomiting, and stomach cramps. A more serious side effect is [[hemolytic anemia]], particularly in individuals with [[G6PD deficiency]]. This is a condition where red blood cells break down faster than the body can make them due to a lack of an enzyme called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

==Pharmacology==
Primaquine is a prodrug, its pharmacologically active metabolite is unknown. It is thought to work by generating reactive oxygen species or by interfering with the parasite's ability to protect itself from them.

==History==
Primaquine was first made in the 1940s and came into medical use in 1952. It is on the [[World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]], the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.

==References==
<references />

==See Also==
* [[Antimalarial medication]]
* [[Malaria]]
* [[Pneumocystis pneumonia]]
* [[G6PD deficiency]]

[[Category:Antimalarial agents]]
[[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]]
[[Category:Medications]]

{{stub}}

Primaquine - Revision history

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