Piper cubeba - Revision history

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2025-02-21T14:17:29Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 14:17, 21 February 2025
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	~~{{Short description\|A species of plant in the family Piperaceae}}~~		= Piper cubeba =
	~~{{Taxobox~~
	~~\| name~~ = Piper cubeba
	~~\| image~~ = ~~Piper_cubeba_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-107.jpg~~
	~~\| image_caption = Illustration of ''Piper cubeba''~~
	~~\| regnum = Plantae~~
	~~\| unranked_divisio = Angiosperms~~
	~~\| unranked_classis = Magnoliids~~
	~~\| ordo = Piperales~~
	~~\| familia = Piperaceae~~
	~~\| genus = ''[[Piper (genus)\|Piper]]''~~
	~~\| species = '''''P. cubeba'''''~~
	~~\| binomial = ''Piper cubeba''~~
	~~\| binomial_authority = L.~~
	}}

	~~'''''~~Piper cubeba~~''''', commonly known as '''cubeb''', '''tailed pepper''', or '''Java pepper''', is a~~ plant ~~in the [[Piperaceae~~]] ~~family. It is primarily cultivated for its fruit and essential oil, which are used in various culinary and medicinal applications.~~		[[File:Piper_cubeba_muda.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Piper cubeba plant]]

	~~==Description==~~		'''Piper cubeba''', commonly known as '''cubeb''', '''Java pepper''', or '''tailed pepper''', is a plant in the [[Piperaceae]] family. It is primarily cultivated for its fruit and essential oil. The plant is native to [[Java]] and [[Sumatra]] in [[Indonesia]] and is cultivated in other parts of the world, including [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]].
	''Piper cubeba'' is a ~~perennial climbing vine that can reach up to 6 meters~~ in ~~length~~. The plant ~~has heart-shaped leaves~~ and ~~produces small, round berries that are harvested before they ripen. These berries are then dried, resulting~~ in ~~a wrinkled~~, ~~black appearance with a stalk attached, resembling a tail, hence the name "tailed pepper~~."

	==~~Distribution and Habitat~~==		== Description ==
	~~''Piper cubeba'' is native to~~ [[~~Indonesia]], particularly the islands~~ of ~~[[Java]] and [[Sumatra~~]]. ~~It thrives in tropical climates~~ and ~~is often found in forested areas~~. The plant ~~is also cultivated in other parts of Southeast Asia~~ and ~~has been introduced to regions in [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]]~~.		[[File:Piper_cubeba_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-244.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Illustration of Piper cubeba]]
			Piper cubeba is a perennial climbing vine that can reach up to 6 meters in height. The leaves are ovate and glossy, with a characteristic peppery aroma. The plant produces small, round berries that are harvested before they ripen. These berries are dried and used as a spice.

	==~~Uses~~==		== Chemical Composition ==
			[[File:Α-Cubebene.svg\|thumb\|right\|Chemical structure of α-Cubebene]]
			The essential oil of Piper cubeba contains several chemical compounds, including [[α-cubebene]], [[β-caryophyllene]], and [[sabinene]]. These compounds contribute to the plant's distinctive aroma and flavor. The oil is extracted through steam distillation of the dried berries.

	==~~=Culinary=~~==		== Uses ==
	Cubeb is used as a spice ~~in various cuisines~~. It ~~has a pungent, peppery flavor with a hint of bitterness and is often~~ used in ~~spice blends. In~~ [[~~Indonesian cuisine~~]]~~, it is~~ a ~~common ingredient in spice pastes~~ and ~~marinades. Cubeb was historically used~~ in [[~~European cuisine~~]] ~~during the Middle Ages~~, ~~particularly in sauces and stews~~.		Cubeb has been used in traditional medicine and as a spice. It was historically used in [[Europe]] as a seasoning and in [[perfume]]s. The berries have a pungent, peppery taste with a hint of bitterness.

	===~~Medicinal~~===		=== Culinary ===
	~~Traditionally, ''Piper cubeba'' has been~~ used in [[~~Ayurvedic medicine~~]] and ~~other traditional medicine systems~~. It is ~~believed~~ to ~~have diuretic, expectorant,~~ and ~~anti-inflammatory properties. The essential oil extracted from cubeb is used in aromatherapy and as a flavoring agent in pharmaceuticals~~.		Cubeb is used in [[Indonesian cuisine]] and is a component of certain spice blends. It is also used to flavor [[gin]] and other alcoholic beverages.

	===~~Other Uses~~===		=== Medicinal ===
	~~Cubeb oil is~~ used ~~in the production of perfumes~~ and ~~cosmetics due to its aromatic properties~~. It is ~~also used in the manufacture of certain types of cigarettes, known as "kretek," in Indonesia~~.		In traditional medicine, cubeb has been used to treat various ailments, including [[cough]], [[asthma]], and [[dysentery]]. It is believed to have [[antimicrobial]] and [[anti-inflammatory]] properties.

	==~~Chemical Composition~~==		=== Perfume ===
	~~The active compounds~~ in ~~''Piper cubeba'' include cubebin, cubebic acid,~~ and ~~essential oils such as sabinene, camphene~~, ~~and cubebol. These compounds contribute to its distinctive aroma and potential therapeutic effects~~.		[[File:John_Varvatos_Vintage.jpg\|thumb\|left\|John Varvatos Vintage perfume containing cubeb]]
			Cubeb oil is used in the fragrance industry for its spicy and woody notes. It is an ingredient in several perfumes, including John Varvatos Vintage.

	==~~Gallery~~==		=== Other Uses ===
	[[File:~~Piper_cubeba_fruit~~.jpg\|thumb\|~~left~~\|~~Dried cubeb berries~~]]		[[File:CubebCigarettes.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Cubeb cigarettes]]
	[[~~File:Piper_cubeba_plant~~.~~jpg\|thumb\|right\|''Piper cubeba'' plant~~]]		Cubeb was once used in the manufacture of [[cigarettes]] and [[pipe tobacco]]. Cubeb cigarettes were marketed as a remedy for [[asthma]] and other respiratory conditions.

	==Related ~~Pages~~==		== Cultivation ==
			Piper cubeba is cultivated in tropical regions with well-drained soil and a warm climate. The plant requires support to climb and is often grown alongside other crops.

			== Related pages ==
	* [[Piper nigrum]]		* [[Piper nigrum]]
	* [[Piper longum]]		* [[Piper longum]]
	* [[~~Piperaceae~~]]		* [[Essential oil]]
			* [[Traditional medicine]]

	[[Category:Piperaceae]]		[[Category:Piperaceae]]
	[[Category:Spices]]		[[Category:Spices]]
	[[Category:Medicinal plants]]		[[Category:Medicinal plants]]

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2025-02-18T17:45:01Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:45, 18 February 2025
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	'''Piper cubeba'''~~, also known as~~ [[~~Cubeb]] or tailed pepper, is a plant in the~~ genus [[Piper]]~~, cultivated for its fruit and essential oil~~. It is mostly grown in Java and Sumatra, hence sometimes called Java pepper. The fruits are gathered before they are ripe, and carefully dried. Commercial cubeb consists of the dried berries, similar in appearance to black pepper, but with stalks attached - the "tails" in "tailed pepper".		{{Short description\|A species of plant in the family Piperaceae}}
			{{Taxobox
			\| name = Piper cubeba
			\| image = Piper_cubeba_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-107.jpg
			\| image_caption = Illustration of ''Piper cubeba''
			\| regnum = Plantae
			\| unranked_divisio = Angiosperms
			\| unranked_classis = Magnoliids
			\| ordo = Piperales
			\| familia = Piperaceae
			\| genus = ''[[Piper (genus)\|Piper]]''
			\| species = '''''P. cubeba'''''
			\| binomial = ''Piper cubeba''
			\| binomial_authority = L.
			}}

	~~== Description ==~~		'''''Piper cubeba''''', commonly known as '''cubeb''', '''tailed pepper''', or '''Java pepper''', is a plant in the [[Piperaceae]] family. It is primarily cultivated for its fruit and essential oil, which are used in various culinary and medicinal applications.
	~~The dried pericarp is grayish-brown or blackish and wrinkled~~, ~~its surface showing minute~~, ~~circular~~, ~~shallow depressions. The seed is hard~~, ~~white and oily. The odor of cubeb~~ is ~~described as agreeable and aromatic and~~ the ~~taste as pungent, acrid, slightly bitter and persistent~~. It ~~has been described as tasting like allspice~~, ~~or like a cross between allspice~~ and ~~black pepper~~.

	== ~~History~~ ==		==Description==
	~~Cubeb came to Europe via India through the trade with the Arabs. The name cubeb comes from Arabic~~ ''~~kabāba~~''~~, which~~ is ~~of unknown origin~~, ~~by way of Old French ''quibibes''~~. ~~Cubeb is mentioned~~ in ~~Greek and Roman medical works from~~ the ~~first century AD and was widely used in Europe during the Middle Ages~~.		''Piper cubeba'' is a perennial climbing vine that can reach up to 6 meters in length. The plant has heart-shaped leaves and produces small, round berries that are harvested before they ripen. These berries are then dried, resulting in a wrinkled, black appearance with a stalk attached, resembling a tail, hence the name "tailed pepper."

	== ~~Uses~~ ==		==Distribution and Habitat==
	~~Cubeb~~ is ~~used in modern [[Chinese cuisine]] and~~ [[~~Indian cuisine~~]], ~~and also made its way into Western cuisine, it was used in spice mixtures for meats and condiments. In~~ the ~~19th century, cubeb was included in many over-the-counter remedies for~~ [[~~infant teething~~]] and [[~~tuberculosis~~]], and ~~was~~ also ~~used as a~~ [[~~urethra~~]]~~l suppository, a local anesthetic,~~ and ~~a topical cure for~~ [[~~gonorrhea~~]]~~. Cubeb oil has been used in the manufacture of perfumery and soap~~.		''Piper cubeba'' is native to [[Indonesia]], particularly the islands of [[Java]] and [[Sumatra]]. It thrives in tropical climates and is often found in forested areas. The plant is also cultivated in other parts of Southeast Asia and has been introduced to regions in [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]].

	== ~~Cultivation~~ ==		==Uses==
	Cubeb is grown in Java and Sumatra. The fruits are gathered before they are ripe, and carefully dried. The trade in cubeb was significant in the 19th century and early 20th century, but has decreased dramatically.

	== ~~See also~~ ==		===Culinary===
	* [[~~List of culinary herbs and spices~~]]		Cubeb is used as a spice in various cuisines. It has a pungent, peppery flavor with a hint of bitterness and is often used in spice blends. In [[Indonesian cuisine]], it is a common ingredient in spice pastes and marinades. Cubeb was historically used in [[European cuisine]] during the Middle Ages, particularly in sauces and stews.
	* [[~~List of Indonesian spices~~]]

	== ~~References~~ ==		===Medicinal===
	~~<references />~~		Traditionally, ''Piper cubeba'' has been used in [[Ayurvedic medicine]] and other traditional medicine systems. It is believed to have diuretic, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The essential oil extracted from cubeb is used in aromatherapy and as a flavoring agent in pharmaceuticals.

	~~{{Spice-stub}}~~		===Other Uses===
			Cubeb oil is used in the production of perfumes and cosmetics due to its aromatic properties. It is also used in the manufacture of certain types of cigarettes, known as "kretek," in Indonesia.

			==Chemical Composition==
			The active compounds in ''Piper cubeba'' include cubebin, cubebic acid, and essential oils such as sabinene, camphene, and cubebol. These compounds contribute to its distinctive aroma and potential therapeutic effects.

			==Gallery==
			[[File:Piper_cubeba_fruit.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Dried cubeb berries]]
			[[File:Piper_cubeba_plant.jpg\|thumb\|right\|''Piper cubeba'' plant]]

			==Related Pages==
			* [[Piper nigrum]]
			* [[Piper longum]]
			* [[Piperaceae]]

			[[Category:Piperaceae]]
	[[Category:Spices]]		[[Category:Spices]]
	[[Category:Medicinal plants]]		[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
	~~[[Category:Piper (plant)]]~~
	~~[[Category:Flora of Asia]]~~
	~~== Piper_cubeba ==~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Piper_cubeba_muda.jpg\|Piper cubeba plant~~
	~~File:Piper_cubeba_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-244.jpg\|Illustration of Piper cubeba~~
	~~File:-Cubebene.svg\|Chemical structure of _-Cubebene~~
	~~File:CubebCigarettes.jpg\|Cubeb cigarettes~~
	~~File:John_Varvatos_Vintage.jpg\|John Varvatos Vintage perfume~~
	~~</gallery>~~

Prab: CSV import

2025-02-18T04:34:27Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 04:34, 18 February 2025
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	[[Category:Piper (plant)]]		[[Category:Piper (plant)]]
	[[Category:Flora of Asia]]		[[Category:Flora of Asia]]
			== Piper_cubeba ==
			<gallery>
			File:Piper_cubeba_muda.jpg\|Piper cubeba plant
			File:Piper_cubeba_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-244.jpg\|Illustration of Piper cubeba
			File:-Cubebene.svg\|Chemical structure of _-Cubebene
			File:CubebCigarettes.jpg\|Cubeb cigarettes
			File:John_Varvatos_Vintage.jpg\|John Varvatos Vintage perfume
			</gallery>

Prab: CSV import

2024-03-04T17:02:18Z

CSV import

New page

'''Piper cubeba''', also known as [[Cubeb]] or tailed pepper, is a plant in the genus [[Piper]], cultivated for its fruit and essential oil. It is mostly grown in Java and Sumatra, hence sometimes called Java pepper. The fruits are gathered before they are ripe, and carefully dried. Commercial cubeb consists of the dried berries, similar in appearance to black pepper, but with stalks attached - the "tails" in "tailed pepper".

== Description ==
The dried pericarp is grayish-brown or blackish and wrinkled, its surface showing minute, circular, shallow depressions. The seed is hard, white and oily. The odor of cubeb is described as agreeable and aromatic and the taste as pungent, acrid, slightly bitter and persistent. It has been described as tasting like allspice, or like a cross between allspice and black pepper.

== History ==
Cubeb came to Europe via India through the trade with the Arabs. The name cubeb comes from Arabic ''kabāba'', which is of unknown origin, by way of Old French ''quibibes''. Cubeb is mentioned in Greek and Roman medical works from the first century AD and was widely used in Europe during the Middle Ages.

== Uses ==
Cubeb is used in modern [[Chinese cuisine]] and [[Indian cuisine]], and also made its way into Western cuisine, it was used in spice mixtures for meats and condiments. In the 19th century, cubeb was included in many over-the-counter remedies for [[infant teething]] and [[tuberculosis]], and was also used as a [[urethra]]l suppository, a local anesthetic, and a topical cure for [[gonorrhea]]. Cubeb oil has been used in the manufacture of perfumery and soap.

== Cultivation ==
Cubeb is grown in Java and Sumatra. The fruits are gathered before they are ripe, and carefully dried. The trade in cubeb was significant in the 19th century and early 20th century, but has decreased dramatically.

== See also ==
* [[List of culinary herbs and spices]]
* [[List of Indonesian spices]]

== References ==
<references />

{{Spice-stub}}

[[Category:Spices]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:Piper (plant)]]
[[Category:Flora of Asia]]